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Genetic Probability

Genetic Probability. Vanderveer Biology. Gateway. Teachers. Students. Teacher’s Lounge. Learning Goals: Students will have a basic understanding of genetic probability Students will be able to distinguish between a dominant and recessive gene

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Genetic Probability

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  1. Genetic Probability Vanderveer Biology

  2. Gateway Teachers Students

  3. Teacher’s Lounge Learning Goals: • Students will have a basic understanding of genetic probability • Students will be able to distinguish between a dominant and recessive gene • Students will be able to distinguish between a genotype and phenotype

  4. Teacher’s Lounge Learning Objective: • Students will be able to use knowledge gained in this activity to answer genetic probability questions with 75% accuracy

  5. Students Procedures: • Follow each instructional activity • Participate in each practice activity • Complete the assessment with 75% accuracy Good day! My name is GregorMendel and I will be assisting you as you learn about genetic probability.

  6. Home Introduction Monohybrid Cross Let’s get started! Dihybrid Cross Multiplication Rule Assessment

  7. Introduction to Genetic Probability On the following slides you will find basic genetic definitions you need to know, or already know:

  8. Genetic Probability Definitions Allele: a form of a gene Dominant: will be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology; usually represented by an upper case letter Recessive: will not be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology unless the individual has 2 copies of the recessive allele; usually represented by a lower case letter

  9. Genetic Probability Definitions Continued Genotype: the genetic composition of an organism Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organism

  10. Gregor Mendel Video Oh, that’s me!

  11. Section Review What is an allele? a. A chromosome b. A letter c. A form of a gene

  12. Genetic Probability Definitions Allele: a form of a gene Dominant: will be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology; usually represented by an upper case letter Recessive: will not be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology unless the individual has 2 copies of the recessive allele; usually represented by a lower case letter Genotype: the genetic composition of an organism Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organism Back to review question 1

  13. You’re right!  Next question Super!

  14. Not quite … Try again! You can do it!

  15. 2. If a gene is not expressed in the organisms appearance it is: a. Dominant b. Recessive c. An allele

  16. Genetic Probability Definitions Allele: a form of a gene Dominant: will be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology; usually represented by an upper case letter Recessive: will not be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology unless the individual has 2 copies of the recessive allele; usually represented by a lower case letter Genotype: the genetic composition of an organism Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organism Back to review question 2

  17. You’re right!  Next question Wonderful!

  18. Not quite … Try again! It’s okay, try again!

  19. 3. The genetic composition of an organism is its ____________ and the observable characteristics of an organism is its ____________. a. Phenotype; genotype b. Genotype; phenotype c. Genotype; genotype

  20. Genetic Probability Definitions Allele: a form of a gene Dominant: will be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology; usually represented by an upper case letter Recessive: will not be expressed in the organisms appearance or physiology unless the individual has 2 copies of the recessive allele; usually represented by a lower case letter Genotype: the genetic composition of an organism Phenotype: the observable characteristics of an organism Back to review question 3

  21. You’re right!  Up Next: Monohybrid Cross

  22. Not quite … Try again! Think!

  23. Monohybrid Cross A monohybrid cross is a cross involving a single trait with two alleles. In example, X is the trait and X, x are the alleles.

  24. Monohybrid Cross Using a Punnett Square Seed color: Y=yellow y= green Cross: Yy x YY Step 1: Click here Step 2: Click here

  25. What is the genotypic ratio? 2 YY: 2 Yy or 1 YY: 1Yy What is the phenotypic ratio? All yellow

  26. Monohybrid Cross Using a Punnett Square: Practice Eye color: B=brown b= blue Cross: Bb x Bb Step 1: Click here Step 2: Click here

  27. Check your work: What is the genotypic ratio? 1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb What is the phenotypic ratio? 3 brown: 1 blue

  28. Dihybrid cross A dihybrid cross is a cross involving 2 traits with two alleles each. In example, X and Y are the traits and X, x/ Y, y are the alleles.

  29. Dihybrid Cross Using a Punnett Square Seed color: Y=yellow y= green W= Wrinkled w=round Cross: YyWw x Yyww Step 1: Click here Step 2: Click here

  30. What is the genotypic ratio? 2 YYWw: 2 YYww: 4 YyWw: 4 Yyww: 2 yyWw: 2 yyww reduced to 1 YYWw: 1 YYww: 2 YyWw: 2 Yyww: 1 yyWw: 1 yyww What is the phenotypic ratio? 6 Yellow wrinkled: 6 Yellow round: 2 green wrinkled: 2 green round Reduced to 3 yellow wrinkled: 3 yellow round: 1 green wrinkled: 1 green round

  31. Dihybrid Cross Using a Punnett Square: Practice Seed color: B=Brown b= blue G= brunette g= blonde Cross: BBGg x bbgg Step 1: Click here Step 2: Click here

  32. Check Your Work: What is the genotypic ratio? What is the phenotypic ratio?

  33. Check Your Work: What is the genotypic ratio? 8 BbGg: 8 Bbgg Reduced to 1 BbGg: 1 Bbgg What is the phenotypic ratio? 8 Brown/brown: 8 Brown/ blonde Reduced to 1 Brown/brown: 1 Brown/blonde

  34. Multiplication Rule If two events are independent, then the joint probability is: P(A and B)= P(A) x P(B)

  35. Dihybrid Cross using Multiplication Rule Seed color: Y=yellow y= green W= Wrinkled w=round Cross: YyWw x YyWw What is the probability of getting the genotype YyWw? (2/4) (2/4)= 4/16= ¼ What is the probability of getting the genotype YYww? (1/4)(1/4)= 1/16

  36. Dihybrid Cross using Multiplication Rule: Practice Seed color: B=Brown b= blue G= brunette g= blonde Cross: bbGg x bbGG What is the probability of getting the genotype bbGg? What is the probability of getting the genotype bbGG?

  37. Check Your Work: What is the probability of getting the genotype bbGg? (1)(1/2)= ½ What is the probability of getting the genotype bbGG? (1)(1/2)= ½

  38. Assessment You must answer ¾ of the following questions correctly to complete this activity. This will be a piece of cake now that we’ve completed the activities!

  39. Question 1 An allele is: a. A form of a gene b. Gregor Mendel’s nickname c. A chromosome

  40. You’re right!  Next Question Perfect!

  41. Not quite … Try Again! You can do it!

  42. Question 2 Solve using a Punnett Square. What is the phenotypic ratio of the following cross? Bb x BB a. 1:1 b. 2:2 c. All are the same

  43. You’re right!  Next Question Here, here!

  44. Not quite … Try Again! Ponder this one some more

  45. Question 3 Solve using a Punnett Square. What is the genotypic ratio of this cross? YyWw x YyWw a. 1:1:2:2:1:1 b. 9:3:3:1 c. 12:3:1

  46. You’re right!  Next Question Good work!

  47. Not quite … Try Again! You’ve got this!

  48. Question 4 Solve using the Multiplication Rule. What is the genotypic ratio of the following cross? Yyww x yyww a. 1:1 b. 2:2 c. 9:3:3:1

  49. You’re right!  Final Slide Good job!

  50. Not quite … Try Again! Think!

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