Parallel Universes

1. Parallel Universes Parallel Universes

2. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – 1. The universe is infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution (as we see it) throughout the universe.

3. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – 1. The universe is infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution (as we see it) throughout the universe.

4. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – • The universe is infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution (as we see it) throughout the universe. • Matter can combine in only so many different configurations.

5. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – • The universe is infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution (as we see it) throughout the universe. • Matter can combine in only so many different configurations. • a. Given an infinite amount of space, it stands to reason there exists another portion of the universe in which an exact duplicate of our world.

6. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – • The universe is infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution (as we see it) throughout the universe. • Matter can combine in only so many different configurations. • Given an infinite amount of space, it stands to reason there exists another portion of the universe in which an exact duplicate of our world. • - and, in fact, our entire visible universe - exists.

7. Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon – • - and, in fact, our entire visible universe - exists.

8. Level 2: Other Post-Inflation Bubbles 1. Separate universes spring up as bubbles of spacetime undergoing its own form of expansion

9. Level 2: Other Post-Inflation Bubbles • Separate universes spring up as bubbles of spacetime undergoing its own form of expansion • The laws of physics in these universes could be very different from our own.

10. Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum

11. Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum 1. Physics - According to this approach to quantum physics, events unfold in every single possible way, just in different universes.

12. Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum 1. Physics - According to this approach to quantum physics, events unfold in every single possible way, just in different universes.

13. Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum • Physics - According to this approach to quantum physics, events unfold in every single possible way, just in different universes. • Science fiction "alternate history" stories utilize this sort of a parallel universe model, so it's the most well known outside of physics. • Episode 33, season 2.

14. Level 4: Other Mathematical Structures – 1. This type of parallel universes is sort of a catch-all for other mathematical structures which we can conceive of, but which we don't observe as physical realities in our universe.

15. Level 4: Other Mathematical Structures – • This type of parallel universes is sort of a catch-all for other mathematical structures which we can conceive of, but which we don't observe as physical realities in our universe. • The Level 4 parallel universes are ones which are governed by different equations from those that govern our universe. • Unlike Level 2 universes, it's not just different manifestations of the same fundamental rules, but entirely different sets of rules.

16. Quilted Multiverse Because space is infinite, and because there are only so many different ways to put matter together, Somewhere “out there” is an exact copy of the Earth, Moon and you. This would be “level 1”

17. Quilted Multiverse Because space is infinite, and because there are only so many different ways to put matter together, Somewhere “out there” is an exact copy of the Earth, Moon and you. This would be “level 1” Inflationary Multiverse The “entire” universe is expanding, and ours is just one “bubble” of many “bubbles” popping into existence as big bangs. This would be levels 1 & 2

18. Quilted Multiverse Because space is infinite, and because there are only so many different ways to put matter together, Somewhere “out there” is an exact copy of the Earth, Moon and you. This would be “level 1” Inflationary Multiverse The “entire” universe is expanding, and ours is just one “bubble” of many “bubbles” popping into existence as big bangs. This would be levels 1 & 2 Cyclic Multiverse Three dimensional “branes” are filling a multiverse, and when they rub against each other, it creates a “big bang”. Ours is just one of many universes created by brane collisions.

19. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen

20. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen

21. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe

22. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe • Simulated Multiverse • This is a “pretend multiverse”

23. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe • Simulated Multiverse • This is a “pretend multiverse” • Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe.

24. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe • Simulated Multiverse • This is a “pretend multiverse” • Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe. "Dave, stop. Stop, will you? Stop, Dave. Will you stop, Dave?” So the supercomputer HAL pleads with the implacable astronaut Dave Bowman in a famous and weirdly poignant scene toward the end of Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey. Bowman, having nearly been sent to a deep-space death by the malfunctioning machine, is calmly, coldly disconnecting the memory circuits that control its artificial “ brain. “Dave, my mind is going,” HAL says, forlornly. “I can feel it. I can feel it.”

25. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe • Simulated Multiverse • This is a “pretend multiverse” • Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe • Thus creating a simulated multiverse whose reality is nearly as complex as our own.

26. Quantum Multiverse • This says that because (now this gets a bit “hairy” • a. Quantum mechanics says that anything “can” happen • b. Everything “does” happen • c. In some universe • Simulated Multiverse • This is a “pretend multiverse” • Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe • Thus creating a simulated multiverse whose reality is nearly as complex as our own. • Ultimate Multiverse • 1. In the most extreme version of looking at parallel universes, every single theory which could possibly exist would have to exist in some form somewhere

27. Universe Size Atoms Stop Light Speed

28. If there is a chance, even a very small chance, say 1/1,000,000,000th, If the pool of chances is unending, then the outcome is a certainty.