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Enhancing Mobile Text Input: The LetterEase Method for Optimized Multi-tap Usage

This presentation by Katrina Cruz at Massey University explores the limitations of traditional multi-tap text entry methods on mobile phones, which have been criticized for being slow and cumbersome. The study introduces LetterEase, a new letter assignment system derived from SMS letter-frequency data, aiming to improve speed and accuracy of text entry. Preliminary results indicate significant reductions in keystrokes per character and error rates. Further refinements and trials are recommended for optimal design and potential wide adoption.

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Enhancing Mobile Text Input: The LetterEase Method for Optimized Multi-tap Usage

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  1. LetterEase: Improving the Multi-tap Method via Letter Reassignment Presented By Katrina Cruz For Massey University 14 June 2005

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Background of the Study • Literature Review • Methodology • LetterEase • Results • Discussion • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • There is a lack of fast and efficient text entry methods available for mobile phones. • Multi-tap method most popular. Figure 1: Conventional mobile phone keypad inefficiently designed for text entry.

  4. Introduction Cont. • Multi-tap has been criticised for being slow and cumbersome to use. • The purpose of this study is to minimize multi-tap’s weaknesses via LetterEase; a new letter assignment.

  5. Background to the Study • Short message service (SMS) became a real hit by 1998. • Commercial text input methods included: • A QWERTY keypad. • T9.

  6. Literature Review • Two-key disambiguation • Linguistic disambiguation • Dictionary-based • Prefix-based • TiltText • Chording Keyboards • Twiddler • ChordTap Figure 2: Chording keyboards

  7. Literature Review • MessageEase Figure 3: MessageEase

  8. Methodology • The study aimed to investigate LetterEase using a between-subjects experimental design. • In particular: • speed (wpm) • accuracy and • keystrokes per character (KSPC) will be examined.

  9. Methodology Cont. • 3 letter assignments were tested using mobile phone simulations running on an iPAQ PDA: • The conventional letter assignment • Fewer letters per Key (FLPK) • LetterEase Figure 4: FLPK letter assignment

  10. LetterEase • Derived from SMS letter-frequency data and the distance between buttons. Figure 5: LetterEase letter assignment

  11. Results Table 1: Overall task performance in each system (14 participants,20 trials)

  12. Discussion • Slower typing speed can be explained by MacKenzie’s study of text entry (2001), where learning is divided into 3 phases: • Initial discovery • Users develop motor skills • Actions are performed reflexively

  13. Conclusion • LetterEase reduced multi-tap KSPC by 37%, and error rate by 12%. • Speed is momentarily slower, however this may be likely to change over more trials.

  14. Conclusion Cont. • LetterEase should be more refined in design: • Greater amount of letter-frequency data needed • More trials needed • Character assignment issue needs to be resolved. • Potentially good chance of adoption given the standard numeric keypad’s popularity.

  15. Questions?

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