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Atoms, Elements

Atoms, Elements. Atoms. Contain 3 particles. Electrons. Protons. Neutrons. What are the characteristics of the particles?. The Electron. The Proton. Negative charge. Positive charge. Participates in chemical reactions. Determines element.

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Atoms, Elements

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  1. Atoms, Elements

  2. Atoms Contain 3 particles Electrons Protons Neutrons

  3. What are the characteristics of the particles? The Electron The Proton • Negative charge • Positive charge • Participates in chemical reactions • Determines element • Outer shell e- determine chemical behavior The Neutron Nucleus Consists of: • No Charge Neutrons Protons • Determines isotope

  4. Atoms • The number of electrons • Is equal to the number of protons • Electrons in space around the nucleus

  5. What is the atomic number? Number of protons What is the mass number? Number of protons plus neutrons Atomic number 13 Al Symbol 26.9815 Mass number

  6. Carbon Atomic Number? Mass Number? C atom with 6 ____ 6 • ____ protons 12 6 • ____ neutrons ____

  7. Atomic Number? ____ 2 Helium Mass Number? ____ 4 2 He 4 Protons? ____ 2 Neutrons? ____ 2

  8. Biologically Important Elements Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N) Trace elements Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Sulfur (S) Sodium (Na) Chlorine (Cl) Magnesium (Mg) Oxygen (O)

  9. Bonds are formed or broken down in chemical reactions • Ionic bonding • Atoms losing or gaining electrons to complete their outer shells

  10. Covalent bonding • Sharing electrons

  11. Covalent bonding • Sharing electrons

  12. Covalent bonds can be: Double Single Triple

  13. Water Our cells are composed of 70% –95% water Water covers 3/4th of the earth

  14. Water Covalent bonding? Hydrogen bonding? How are the hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together? The electrons in its covalent bonds are shared unequally Creates POLARITY

  15. Water Covalent bonding? Hydrogen bonding? How are water molecules bonded together? The polarity of water results in weak electrical attractions between neighboring water molecules Creates HYDROGEN bonding

  16. An acid What is: • A chemical compound that donates H+ ions to solutions? • A compound that accepts H+ ions and removes them from solution? A base • A measure of H+ ion concentration in a solution? A pH scale

  17. Basic A pH Scale Neutral pH 7 [H+] = [OH+] • Biological range maintained at ~ 6.5 – 7.5 • Blood ~ 7.2 – 7.4 Acidic

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