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Chemical Nomenclature (or how we name compounds!)

Chemical Nomenclature (or how we name compounds!). 1. binary ionic (cation + anion) 2. molecular (covalent) compounds (anion + anion) 3. ternary ionic (cation + polyatomic) 4. acids (H + + anions). Four types of chemical compounds:. Binary Ionic Compounds.

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Chemical Nomenclature (or how we name compounds!)

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  1. Chemical Nomenclature(or how we name compounds!) 1. binary ionic (cation + anion) 2. molecular (covalent) compounds (anion + anion) 3. ternary ionic (cation + polyatomic) 4. acids (H+ + anions) Four types of chemical compounds:

  2. Binary Ionic Compounds • Writing: - compounds composed of two elements - net ionic charge must be zero - example: Ca2+ + Br- = CaBr2 - crisscross method: Ca2+ Br-

  3. Remember! It’s transitional. • Naming binary ionic compounds: - work backwards: K3N = K+ + N3- = “potassium nitride” CuS = Cu2+ + S2- =“copper (II) sulfide”

  4. Molecular Compounds • composed of two non-metallic elements • ionic charges are not used to assign formulas or name them • names all end in –ide • prefixes used in naming these compounds: mono- 1 penta- 5 octa- 8 di- 2 hexa- 6 nona- 9 tri- 3 hepta- 7 deca- 10 tetra- 4

  5. Examples: CCl4 = carbon tetrachloride OF2 = oxygen difluoride CO = N2O = phosphorous trichloride = Cl2O8 = SO3 = dinitrogen tetroxide = S2Cl2 = carbon monoxide dinitrogen monoxide PCl3 dichlorine octoxide sulfur trioxide N2O4 disulfur dichloride

  6. Polyatomic Ionic Compounds • Compounds that contain atoms of three different elements • Usually contain a polyatomic ion √Write the formula for each ion (symbol and charge) then balance the charges √-ate and –ite on the end indicate that the compounds contain a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen

  7. Only two polyatomic ions end in –ide: OH- (hydroxide) CN- (cyanide) • Examples: Ca2+ + NO3- Ca(NO3)2

  8. You do these: potassium (K+) sulfate (SO42-) Magnesium (Mg2+) hydroxide (OH-) NH4+ + SO32- calcium ion + phosphate ion K2SO4 Mg(OH)2 (NH4)2SO3 Ca3(PO4)2

  9. Naming Acids • Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions in water • You need to memorize these: HCl hydrochloric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid H2CO3 carbonic acid

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