Web folio By Keiry Rodriguez
Table of Contents • Formulas • Scientific Method • Three States of Matter • Five Phase Changes • Parts of an Atom • Periodic Table • Solutions • Covalent and Ionic Bonds • Mixtures • Newton’s Three Laws • Simple Machines • Heat Transfer • Waves • Electricity
Formulas • Velocity= Distance/Time • Acceleration= Final Velocity-Initial Velocity/Time • Force= Mass x Acceleration • Momentum= Mass x Velocity • Kinetic Energy= ½ Mass x (Velocity)¨ • Work= Force x Distance • Power= Work done/Time interval • Specific Heat= Constant x mass x change in temperature
Scientific Method • Research Question: What you want to find out • Identify Variables: What will be changed (IV), what will be affected by the change (DV), and what will remain the same (CV) in the experiment that will be conducted. • Write a Hypothesis: The researcher’s educated guess on what will happen. • Write the Procedure: A detailed account of what you did in the experiment. • Analyze Data: The results from your experiment. • Conclusion: States whether the hypothesis was correct or not and answers the research question.
The Three States Of Matter The three states of matter are… • Solid: Particles are tightly packed together • Liquid: Particles are touching but can move around. • Gas: Particles are far away from one another so they can move around freely.
Five Phases Of Matter • Condensation: Gas turns into liquid. • Sublimation: Solid transitions into gas. • Evaporation: Liquid transforms into gas. • Melting Point: Solid melts into liquid. • Freezing Point: Liquid turns into solid.
Parts Of An Atom • An atom is made out of protons, electrons, and neutrons. • Protons are the positively charged particles within an atom. • Electrons are the negatively charged particles within an atom. • Neutrons are the neutrally charged particles.
Periodic Table • The periodic table consists of all the elements from Hydrogen to Lawrencium. • The periodic table is systemized by Groups and Periods. • Groups are the vertical columns that run across the chart and periods are the horizontal rows that run through the chart. • The elements of the periodic table are metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and the noble gases.
Periodic Table
Solutions • Solutions are when one substance is dissolved into another. • Solvent-Substance that dissolves • Solute-Substance that is dissolved • The two different solution states are: • Unsaturated-it can hold more solute • Saturated- can not have more solute because it will not dissolve it
Mixtures • A mixture can be separated • No new substance is made • Substances maintain their properties • There are two types of mixtures: • Homogeneous-Can’t see the particles • Heterogeneous-Can see the particles
Covalent and Ionic Bonds • An ionic bond is when is when an atom either gains or loses electrons • Ionic bonds only take place between metals and non-metals. • Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
Newton’s Three Laws • Newton’s first law states that when an object is in motion it will stay in motion until a force acts upon it as well as an object will stay in rest until a force is acted upon it. • Newton’s second law states that the amount of force used to do something is based upon the object’s mass. • Newton’s third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton’s Three Laws (continued) • First Law • Second Law • Third Law
The Six Simple Machines • Pulley • Wheel and Axle • Lever • Inclined Plane • Wedge • Screw • Compound machines are two or more simple machines combined to make one new machine.
Heat Transfer • Heat-The movement of energy from one place to another • Heat is transferred in three ways: • Conduction-Movement of heat through touch • Convection-Transfer of heat through liquid • Radiation-Passage of heat through the air.
Waves • Waves move energy from one point to another. • There are two types of waves: Mechanical: Waves that need a medium to occur. Electromagnetic: Waves that do not need a medium. • A medium is the matter that causes waves (can be a solid, liquid, or gas). • Waves can be categorized as transversal or longitudinal.
Waves (continued) • Examples of mechanical waves are earthquakes, tsunamis, Sound waves etc. • Examples of electromagnetic waves are microwaves, cell phones, radio waves etc. • Waves can act in different ways: • Reflection- When waves bounce of a surface • Refraction- When waves speed is affected by the medium • Diffraction- When waves go around an object
Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum • The electromagnetic wave spectrum is a scale the frequency of different electromagnetic waves. • It begins with the lowest frequency waves (Radio Waves) and ends with the highest frequency waves (Gamma Rays).
Electricity • Electricity is created by the flow of electrons. • Through electricity three things occur: • Electric charge- When an object has too many or too few electrons • Electric field- The area around the charged object • Static electricity- when an object has a build up of an electric charge
Electricity (continued) • Three ways to charge an object are: • Induction- Charging an object without touching • Contact- charging an object through touch • Polarization- Like charged objects repelling from one another and oppositely charged objects attracting to one another Example of Polarization:
