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Chapter: Weathering and Soil

Table of Contents. Chapter: Weathering and Soil. Section 1: Weathering. Section 2: The Nature of Soil. Section 3: Soil Erosion. Weathering.

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Chapter: Weathering and Soil

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  1. Table of Contents Chapter: Weathering and Soil Section 1: Weathering Section 2: The Nature of Soil Section 3: Soil Erosion

  2. Weathering Weathering is a set of physical, chemical and biological processes that change the physical and chemical properties of rocks and soil at or near the earth's surface.

  3. Definition – the breakdown of rock to form sediment [very small pieces of rock] Weathering happens to rocks that are NOT MOVING Weathering is part of the Rock Cycle More About Weathering

  4. Weathering 1 Weathering and Its Effects • Weathering wears mountains down to hills. • Rocks at the top of mountains are broken down by weathering, and the sediment is moved downhill by gravity, water, and ice. • Two different types of weathering—mechanical weathering and chemical weathering—work together to shape Earth’s surface.

  5. Mechanical (sometimes called physical) Chemical There will be a quiz!!!!  There are two types of weathering

  6. Weathering 1 Mechanical Weathering • Mechanical weathering occurs when rocks are broken apart by physical processes. This means that the overall chemical makeup of the rock stays the same. Click image to view movie.

  7. Weathering 1 Mechanical Weathering • Growing plants, burrowing animals, and expanding ice are some of the things that can mechanically weather rock.

  8. Weathering 1 Plants and Animals • Water and nutrients that collect in the cracks of rocks result in conditions in which plants can grow. As the roots grow, they enlarge the cracks.

  9. Weathering 1 Plants and Animals • Burrowing animals also cause mechanical weathering. • As these animals burrow, they loosen sediment and push it to the surface. Once the sediment is brought to the surface, other weathering processes act on it.

  10. Root Action (Growth of Plants) *Slow process When roots spread to break rock

  11. Weathering 1 Ice Wedging • Ice wedging occurs in temperate and cold climates where water enters cracks in rocks and freezes. • When water enters cracks in rock and freezes, it expands, causing the cracks to enlarge and the rock to break apart.

  12. Abrasion • Abrasion • Collision of rocks • Makes rocks more spherical Antelope Canyon – Arizona Wyoming Elephant Rocks Park – Missouri

  13. Not Just Limited to Rocks…..

  14. Weathering 1 Chemical Weathering • Chemical weathering occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or change them into different minerals. • This type of weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock, which can weaken the rock.

  15. Weathering 1 Natural Acids • Carbonic acid reacts with minerals such as calcite, which is the main mineral that makes up limestone. • Over many thousands of years, carbonic acid has weathered so much limestone that caves have formed.

  16. Acid precipitation (Acid Rain) Sulfur & CO2 from cars and coal/oil mix with water to produce acidic precipitation. • Rain • Snow • Sleet • Hail

  17. Weathering 1 Plant Acids • Some roots and decaying plants give off acids that also dissolve minerals in rock. When these minerals dissolve, the rock is weakened. • Eventually, the rock will break into smaller pieces.

  18. Plants Plants – called lichens produce rock dissolving acids that can break down rock.

  19. Weathering 1 Oxygen • You’ve seen rusty swing sets, nails, and cars. Rust is caused by oxidation. • Oxidation (ahk sih DAY shun) occurs when some materials are exposed to oxygen and water.

  20. Close to Home

  21. Weathering 1 Effects of Climate • Climate is the pattern of weather that occurs in a particular area over many years. • In cold climates, where freezing and thawing are frequent, mechanical weathering rapidly breaks down rock through the process of ice wedging.

  22. Weathering 1 Effects of Climate • Chemical weathering is more rapid in warm, wet climates. • Lack of moisture in deserts and low temperatures in polar regions slow down chemical weathering.

  23. Section Check 1 Question 1 Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering.

  24. Section Check 1 Answer Mechanical weathering occurs by physical processes. Growing plants, burrowing animals and expanding ice are processes that can mechanically weather rock. Chemical weathering occurs when chemical reactions dissolve minerals in rocks or change them into different minerals.

  25. Section Check 1 Question 3 What weak acid is formed when water reacts with carbon dioxide gas in the air or soil? A. carbonic B. hydrocarbonic C. nitric D. sulfuric

  26. Section Check 1 Answer The answer is A. Carbonic acid reacts with minerals in rocks, causing them to dissolve. Hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids are all strong acids.

  27. In the next sequence of slides write down whether you see mechanical or chemical weathering. Also indicate what kind - mechanical or chemical (such as plant growth, oxygen, freezing and thawing or rain, etc…) You Tell Me

  28. 1

  29. 1-AbrasionMechanical

  30. 2

  31. 2-Onion Skin Weathering Mechanical

  32. 3

  33. 3-ChemicalWater is wearing away the rock

  34. 4

  35. 4-Freezing and ThawingMechanical

  36. 5

  37. 5-Mechanical

  38. 6

  39. 6-Mechanical & Chemical….how?

  40. 7

  41. 7-MechanicalAnimal Actions

  42. 8

  43. 8-Mechanical with a little Chemical

  44. 9

  45. 9-Chemical

  46. 10

  47. 10- Mechanical but could possibly be chemical

  48. 11

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