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Microorganisms

Microorganisms. Overview of the Major Classes for the Birmingham City Schools. Click anywhere to start. What Are Microorganisms?. Living things that are usually too small to see with the naked eye. They can be parasitic , saprophytic , mutualistic, beneficial, or harmful.

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Microorganisms

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  1. Microorganisms Overview of the Major Classes for the Birmingham City Schools Click anywhere to start

  2. What Are Microorganisms? • Living things that are usually too small to see with the naked eye. • They can be parasitic, saprophytic, mutualistic, beneficial, or harmful. • Some are photosynthetic. • Some have been genetically manipulated.

  3. About Microorganisms • They are found everywhere! • On deep sea vents. (more) • In Antarctica. (more) • On Mars! (more) • They can be measured from Angstroms (viruses) all the way to meters (sea algae).

  4. Classes of Microorganisms • Viruses • Bacteria • Protists • Algae • Fungi Retrieved from www.ams.rdg.ac.uk/…/simon/teaching1.htm

  5. Virus Overview • Parasitic • “Specific” for host cell • Classified according to • Type of nucleic acid • Type of “cycle”/means of transmission • Host • “Envelope” the virus has • Type of disease the virus causes Herpes simplex: the cold sore virus

  6. Bacteria Overview • Saprophytic and mutualistic • Prokaryotic • Classified according to shape • Bacillus (rod-shaped) • Coccus (spherical) • Spirillus (spiral-shaped) • Some are genetically manipulated Bacilli on hard surface

  7. Protist Overview • Mostly aquatic • Eukaryotic • Classified according to means of locomotion • Psuedopodia • Cilia • Flagella • Euglena are photosynthetic • Most are harmless unless ingested Sketch of an ameoba

  8. Algae Overview • Very (mm) small to very large (meters) • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic • Usually classified according to color • Blue-green (cyanophyta) • “Golden” (chyrsophyta) • Green (chlorophyta) • Brown (phaeophyta) • Red (rhodophyta) • Used in industry • Example: algin in ice cream Acetabularia

  9. Fungi Overview • Decomposers and parasitic • Eukaryotic • Classified according to gamete distribution • Chytridiomycota (aquatic) • Zygomycota (no spore sac) • Ascomycota (sac fungi) • Basidiomycota (club fungi) • Dueteromycetes (imperfect fungi) Ascomycetes decomposing the substrate

  10. Conclusion • Microorganisms are a diverse group of living things • They exist in many different environments • They can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Some can be seen and some are too small to be seen • Some can be manipulated to be beneficial, others help clean up the environment, still others may be parasitic or harmful to their hosts

  11. Vocabulary • Parasitic – a situation where an organism lives off another; it contributes nothing and is potentially harmful to its host. • Saprophytic – a condition where an organism lives off dead or decaying matter. • Mutualistic – a condition where two different species lives with each other; each contributes to the welfare of the other. • Photosynthetic – using light to make its own food. Back to tutorial

  12. Vocabulary • Angstrom – a measurement equal to one ten-billionth (1.0 x 10 –10 ) meter! • Meter – the SI unit of length. • SI – System International; also known as the metric system. • Unit – the standard that is equivalent to “one”. Back to tutorial

  13. Vocabulary • Locomotion – means of movement • Psuedopodia – “false feet”; cytoplasmic extensions • Cilia – short hair-like extensions • Flagella – long whip-like extension Back to tutorial

  14. Questions? Comments? • C. M. Johnson, Science Chair – Wenonah High School • 205.231.1685 - ofc • 205.249.8772 – mobile • cmjohnson@bhamcityschools.org • Please allow up to 24hrs for replies

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