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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Science of Life. The Study of Life. Biology: the study of living things Some Fields of Biology: entomology (insects) parasitology (parasites) microbiology (bacteria)

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Life

  2. The Study of Life • Biology: the study of living things • Some Fields of Biology: entomology (insects) parasitology (parasites) microbiology (bacteria) ornithology (birds) herpetology (reptiles)

  3. Six Major Themes of Biology • Cell structure and function • Stability and homeostasis • Reproduction and inheritance • Evolution • Interdependence of organisms • Matter, energy, and organization

  4. Cells are the basic unit of life All organisms are made of and develop from cells Cell Structure and Function

  5. Organisms composed of only one cell Examples: bacteria and protists Unicellular Organisms

  6. Organisms composed of more than one cell May be highly complex Examples: plants and animals Multicellular organisms

  7. Facts about cells: • Cells are highly organized • Contain specialized structures • There are many different kinds of cells • Contain genetic material

  8. Differentiation • In multicellular organisms, cells become different as they grow and develop • After fertilization, cells divide and will eventually become specialized

  9. Living things maintain stable internal conditions Examples: body temperature, water content, electrolytes Stability and Homeostasis

  10. Reproduction and Inheritance • Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • Gene: a short segment of DNA that contains instructions for a single trait

  11. Production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms Example: sperm + egg = zygote Sexual Reproduction

  12. Doesn’t require two different organisms One cell gives rise to two cells Example: binary fission in bacteria and protists Asexual Reproduction

  13. Evolution • Evolution= a genetic change in a population over a long period of time • Natural selection: organisms that have favorable traits will survive better and pass those traits on to their offspring

  14. Driven by competition among individuals for resources Individuals that can survive will be able to mate Traits are inherited by offspring Evolution by Natural Selection

  15. Ecology: the study of the interactions of organisms and their environment Ecosystems= environmental communities Interdependence of Organisms

  16. All life is interconnected When one aspect of the environment is harmed, it will have a negative impact on the whole ecosystem Fragile Environments

  17. Matter, Energy, and Organization • Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun • Photosynthesis- plants capture energy from the sun use it to manufacture glucose

  18. Organisms that make their own food “self-feeders” Example: plants Autotrophs

  19. Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs “other-feeders” Examples: rabbits, coyotes, bears Heterotrophs

  20. Biology is the study of life, ranging from the study of unicellular organisms to the study of global interactions among millions of organisms Conclusion

  21. All forms of life deserve protection and respect

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