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Emiliana Vegas, The World Bank

The Economic and Social Benefits of Investing in Early Childhood Development Inclusive Early Child Development – an Underestimated Component within Poverty Reduction 03 – 04 February, 2011, Bonn. Emiliana Vegas, The World Bank. Presentation Overview.

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Emiliana Vegas, The World Bank

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  1. The Economic and Social Benefits of Investing in Early Childhood DevelopmentInclusive Early ChildDevelopment –an UnderestimatedComponent within PovertyReduction03 – 04 February, 2011, Bonn Emiliana Vegas, The World Bank

  2. Presentation Overview • Why invest in Early Childhood Development (ECD)? • What factors affect ECD and life outcomes? • Definitions: Early Childhood Development, ECD programs and ECD policies. • What programs affect ECD (and How)? • From Programs to Policies to Build (or Strengthen) ECD Systems: Introducing SABER • SABER’s framework for ECD

  3. Inequality of opportunity starts before birth, and grows deeper during the first years of life Source: Paxsonand Schady, JHR, 2007

  4. What happens in ECD has lasting outcomes, context and policy matter Early Childhood Development Cognitive development Socio-emotional development Physical well-being and growth Context Macro (country) Micro (family) Life Outcomes Education Health Fertility Income Risky behaviors ECD Policies Health, hygiene, and nutrition Education Poverty alleviation Source: Vegas and Santibáñez 2010

  5. ECD investmentshavelastingimpactsonindividuals and society • Thereisconsistentevidence of theeffectsthatearlychildhooddevelopmentinterventionshaveonfuturelifeoutcomes: • Education • Labor insertion and wages • Health, fertility • Probability of engaging in riskybehaviors • Theimpact of theseinterventionsisgreater in themost vulnerable populations • ECD investments are economicallyefficient and equity-enhancing

  6. ECD interventionshavehigherreturnsthaninterventionslater in life 8 6 Pre - school Programs Return per $ invested School 4 Opportunity cost of funds Job Training 2 Pre - Post - school school School 0 6 18 Age Source: Carneiroand Heckman (2003)

  7. Presentation Overview • Why invest in Early Childhood Development (ECD)? • Definitions: Early Childhood Development, ECD programs and ECD policies. • What programs affect ECD (and How)? • From Programs to Policies to Build (or Strengthen) ECD Systems: Introducing SABER • SABER’s framework for ECD

  8. Definitions • Early Childhood Development as the period from when a child is conceived to six years of age (0-6). • ECD programs include specific interventions that may vary according to primary objective, coverage (small scale, universal), and other program characteristics. • ECD policies refer to the regulatory framework and institutional arrangements for service delivery at the national and/or state level to ensure that a nation’s children have access to quality ECD services.

  9. Presentation Overview • Why invest in Early Childhood Development (ECD)? • Definitions: Early Childhood Development, ECD programs and ECD policies. • What programs affect ECD (and How)? • From Programs to Policies to Build (or Strengthen) ECD Systems: Introducing SABER • SABER’s framework for ECD

  10. Programs that affect ECD Child Prenatal 0-2 3-4 5-6 Mother(prenatal) Mother/Father/ Caregiver Healthcare and hygiene Maternal/prenatal health Water and sanitation Healthcare prevention Mental Health Education Preschool (3-6) Care (0-3) Poverty alleviation Income transfers Maternity/paternityleave Female labor participation Home infrastructure Nutrition Food and supplements

  11. Impact of ECD programs • Interventionswithnutritionalcomponentshave positive effectson: • growth and physicalwell-being • cognitivedevelopment • CCTshave positive impactson: • healthcareprevention and control • cognitive and socioemotionaldevelopment • Preschoolattendance has positive effectson: • cognitive and socioemotionaldevelopment • theprobability of continuing in school • reducedparticipation in riskybehaviors • Buttheimpactisgreatestwheninterventions are multi-sectoral and integrated

  12. Presentation Overview • Why invest in Early Childhood Development (ECD)? • Definitions: Early Childhood Development, ECD programs and ECD policies. • What programs affect ECD (and How)? • From Programs to Policies to Build (or Strengthen) ECD Systems: Introducing SABER • SABER’s framework for ECD

  13. From Programs to Policies to Build (or Strengthen) ECD Systems • SABER : System Assessment and Benchmarking for Education Results, intends to: • Develop knowledge & tools to systematically help countries: • make better policy and program choices based on better evidence and analysis • to get better educational results • Fills a major gap in the availability of policy data, information, & knowledge on what matters most to improve the quality & relevance of human development policies, especially in education

  14. Components of SABER • Teachers • Materials & ICT • Infrastructure • Service Delivery • Sub-systems • Early Childhood Development • Primary & secondary schooling • Tertiary education • School health • Second-chance programs • Workforce Development Learning for all • Governance & Institutions • System-wide Quality Assurance • Learning Standards • Learning Assessments • Information management • Financing • Non-government provision • Equity & Inclusion • Political Economy

  15. SABER Development Cycle An iterative process Conceptualization framework and system tools developed Knowledge Technical and financial support Strategic partnerships Engagement validation, prototyping, building ownership Learning staff competencies, partner capacities, SABER Development Implementation piloting , scaling-up, going global Communication Dissemination, knowledge exchange, online knowledge base

  16. SABER’s Framework for ECD • Stocktake & classify programs • Stocktake & analyze policies • assess policy development • Identify Options • Country-specific options, based on international experience

  17. 1. Stocktake & classify ECD programs 9 Key Characteristics: • Primary policy objective; • Brief description; • Focus area/intervention mechanism; • Coverage/access; • Institutional arrangements; • Financing; • Service providers; • Quality assurance mechanisms; • Challenges for going to scale and improving service delivery.

  18. Comprehensive 4 Categories Coordinated interventions across multiple sectors Multi-Sectoral Complexity of Institutional Arrangements Cross-Sectoral Sectoral Focus Areas/Mechanisms Single Sector Specific Sector w/ inputs from other sector Multiple sectors, specific programs for targeted or universal populations Comprehensive regular monitoring, some universal services, with tailored interventions

  19. 2. Stocktake and analyze ECD policies Policy Goals: Policy Levers (indicators): Levels of development: • Latent • Legal framework • Coordination • Financing • Coverage • Programs • Policy focus • Emerging • ECD information • Quality standards & compliance • Established • Mature

  20. ECD Policy Goals and Levels of Development Level of Development Policy Goals Policy Levers LATENT EMERGING ESTABLISHED MATURE regulations in some Legal Framework non existent minimal developed sectors Establishing an high inter - Enabling Coordination low within sector high within sector low inter - institutional institutional Environment some programs with many programs with sustained for Financing ad hoc sustained sustained attaining goals universal in some Coverage low expanding universal in ECD sectors established in few established in several Programs pilot established in ECD Implementing sectors sectors Widely integrated Policy Focus (health, well established services nutrition, education some and minimal some established services universally & child protection) provided outcomes at outcomes at national outcomes at national, national, regional, ECD Information minimal measures level regional, local level local & individual level Monitoring and Standards in all Assuring sectors, Quality Standards in most Quality Standards & Limited or no Standards in some compliance is sectors, compliance is Compliance standards sectors regularly monitored regularly monitored and enforced

  21. 3. Identify policy options based on comparisons across countries

  22. NextSteps • World Bank is finalizing data collection instruments for ECD programs and policies • Data collection to begin in Uzbekistan, Turkey, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa • Analysis and preparation of Reports for each Country/System • Development of user-friendly, web-based tool to disseminate information ECD Policies and Programs Around the World

  23. Thank You! Thank You! evegas@worldbank.org

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