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Medical Terminologies

Medical Terminologies. Ms. Lalith. Basic Elements of a Medical Word. Word Root Combining Form Suffix Prefix These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS. Word Root. Main part or foundation of a word. All words have at least one word root.

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Medical Terminologies

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  1. Medical Terminologies Ms. Lalith

  2. Basic Elements of a Medical Word • Word Root • Combining Form • Suffix • Prefix These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS.

  3. Word Root • Main part or foundation of a word. • All words have at least one word root. • A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word. IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAKER (complete word)

  4. The word root usually refers to a body part. • Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek language.

  5. Word Root Examples • “dent” means tooth • “dermat” means skin • “cardi” means heart • “gastr” means stomach • “pancreat” means pancreas

  6. Combining Forms • Correct pronunciation of medical words is important. • In order to make the pronunciation of word roots easier, sometimes it is necessary to insert a vowel after the root. • The combination of a word root and a vowel is known as a COMBINING FORM.

  7. Combining Form • Word root + vowel = Combining form • Micr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form • Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o • Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y) • Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix

  8. Compound Word • Compound word can also be formed from a combining form and a whole word. • Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meter Combining form word compound word

  9. Micr/o + scope Micr/o + surgery Micr/o + meter Hydr/o + phobia Hydr/o + cele Hydr/o + therapy Microscope Microsurgery Micrometer Hydrophobia Hydrocele Hydrotherapy Compound Word

  10. Suffix • Suffix is an ending that follows a word root. • May be in a noun form or an adjective form • Combining form + Word root + Suffix = Compound word • Micr/o + scop + -ic Combining form word root suffix • Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic

  11. Noun -osiscyanosis -ia anemia -umilium -econdyle -us carpus -itisarthritis -sis emesis Adjective -oticcyanotic -ic anemic -ac iliac -arcondylar -al carpal -itic arthritic -tic emetic Suffix

  12. -ism = condition, state, of theory -tion = condition -ist = specialist -er = one who -ity = quality Examples: Hyperthyroidism, Darwinism, Mendelism Contraction, relaxation Psychiatrist Radiographer Sensitivity, conductivity Suffix - Noun

  13. -ous = possessing, having, full of -able = ability -ible = ability Examples: Nervous, mucous, serous Injectable, inflatable Edible, reducible Suffix - Adjective

  14. Greek Singular Suffixes -on Spermatozoon, ganglion -ma Carcinoma, lipoma -sis Crisis, prognosis -nx Larynx, pharynx Plural Suffixes -a Spermatozoa, ganglia -mata Carcinomata, lipomata -ses Crises, prognoses -ges Larynges, pharynges Suffix: Singular vs. Plural

  15. Latin Singular Suffixes -a Vertebra, conjunctiva -us Bacillus, bronchus -um Bacterium, ilium -is Testis Plural Suffixes -ae Vertebrae, conjunctivae -i Bacilli, bronchi -a Bacteria, ilia -es Testes Suffix: Singular vs. Plural

  16. Latin Singular Suffixes -ex cortex -ix Appendix -ax thorax Plural Suffixes -ices cortices -ices appendices -aces thoraces Suffix: Singular vs. Plural

  17. Singular: Sarcoma Diagnosis Phalanx Coccus Calcaneum Vertex Cervix thorax Plural: Sarcomata Diagnoses Phalanges Cocci Calcanea Vertices Cervices thoraces Practice…

  18. Suffixes (mania-pathy) obsession enlargement like; resembling vision opening bearing disease Suffixes Suffix Meaning -mania -megaly -oid -opia -ostomy -para -pathy

  19. Suffixes (penia-phrenia) deficiency digestion fixation eating; devouring fear sound of the mind Suffixes Suffix Meaning -penia -pepsia -pexy -phage -phobia -phonia -phrenia

  20. Suffixes (phylaxis-rrhaphy) protection surgical repair paralysis breath falling down; drooping heavy discharge surgical suturing Suffixes Suffix Meaning -phylaxis -plasty -plegia -pnea -ptosis -rrhagia -rrhaphy

  21. Suffixes (rrhexis-tropia) rupture contraction stopping; constant narrowing cutting operation turning Suffixes Suffix Meaning -rrhexis -spasm -stasis -stenosis -tomy -tropia

  22. Prefix • Prefix is a word part that goes in front of a word root, to alter its meaning or create a new word circum- ex- dis- trans- dexa-

  23. Prefix • Ex- + tension = Extension • Ex- + press = Express • Dis-+ please = Displease • Dis-+ ease = Disease • Im- + plant = Implant • Sup-+ plant = Supplant • Trans-+ plant = Transplant

  24. Prefixes Hyper- excessive Pre- before Post- after Homo- same Hypo- under A – absence Dys – Difficulty Tachy – increased Brady- decreased

  25. Apply Your Knowledge Apply Your Knowledge Using various word parts, build terms for the following meanings. Meaning Term apnea • Absence of breath • Bluish color of hands and feet • Equal vision in both eyes. • Fast heart. • Breakdown of sugar. cyanosis isopia tachycardia glycolysis

  26. Apply Your Knowledge Part 2 Apply Your Knowledge Using various word parts, build terms for the following meanings. Meaning Term • Lack of white blood cells. • Softening of bone. • Inflammation of a vein. • Nerve pain. • Science of skin and its diseases. leukopenia osteomalacia phlebitis neuralgia dermatology

  27. 1.41. eponym 1.42. inflammation 1.43. fissure 1.44. neuritis 1.45. tonsillitis 1.46. gastrosis 1.47. syndrome 1.48. myorrhexis 1.49. gastralgia 1.50. pyoderma Exercise

  28. 1.51. arteriosclerosis 1.52. sign 1.53. gastroenteritis 1.54. arthralgia 1.55. dermatologist 1.56. hypotension 1.57. angiography 1.58. supracostal 1.59. differential 1.60. fistula Exercise

  29. 1.81 neuroplasty 1.82. hemorrhage 1.83. arterionecrosis 1.84. intrastitial 1.85. hepatomegaly 1.86. cardiologist 1.87. rhinorrhea 1.88. arthritis 1.89. neonatologist 1.90. neurotomy Exercise

  30. Thank you….

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