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What is Diabetes?

What is Diabetes?. The University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Definition . Group of diseases marked by high blood glucose (blood sugar) levels Caused by defects in Insulin production Insulin action Or both Can lead to serious complications and premature death if not managed well.

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What is Diabetes?

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  1. What is Diabetes? The University of Georgia Cooperative Extension

  2. Definition • Group of diseases marked by high blood glucose (blood sugar) levels • Caused by defects in • Insulin production • Insulin action • Or both • Can lead to serious complications and premature death if not managed well.

  3. Three Main Types of Diabetes • Type 1 • Type 2 • Gestational

  4. Type 1 • Originally called juvenile onset or insulin dependent • Can occur at any age • Most often diagnosed in childhood or teen years • Pancreas fails to produce insulin • Requires insulin treatment

  5. What causes it? • Autoimmune disease • Environmental stress • Genes • No way currently to prevent

  6. Type 2 • Non-insulin dependent or adult onset • Most often occurs in older adults • Now more common in children and teens • Caused by insulin resistance • Eventually not enough insulin produced by pancreas

  7. What increases risk for Type 2? • Older age • Obesity • Physical inactivity • Family history of diabetes • Race/ethnicity • History of diabetes during pregnancy • Impaired glucose metabolism

  8. Gestational Diabetes • Glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy • May be caused by hormones of pregnancy • More likely if • Have African American, Hispanic/Latino and Native American heritage • Obese • Family history of diabetes

  9. Wake Up Call • High blood glucose usually disappears after baby born • About 5-10% have diabetes once delivered (usually Type 2) • 40-60% chance of developing Type 2 in 5-10 years

  10. Prevention of Type 2 • Weight loss of at least 7% • Maintenance of that weight loss over time • Physical activity for at least 30 minutes per day 5 or more days per week • Cuts risk almost 60%

  11. Management • Healthy meal plan that controls carbohydrates and modifies fat intake • Regular physical activity • Monitoring of blood glucose • Medication if needed

  12. What have you learned? • What are the 3 main types of diabetes? • Who is most likely to develop each one? • Why does each one occcur? • How is each one treated?

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