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Understanding Federalism: Concepts, Responsibilities, and Historical Developments

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13 diapositives · 308 Views · Aug 08, 2014

This lecture explores the concept of federalism, contrasting it with unitary systems, and detailing the division of powers between federal and state governments. It covers exclusive federal responsibilities like coining money and regulating immigration, state responsibilities including education and local government, and areas where powers are concurrent such as taxation and court systems. Additionally, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of federalism, landmark court cases shaping its interpretation, and pivotal historical eras that highlight the evolving relationship between states and the federal government.

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Transcription de la présentation
  1. Lecture 4: Federalism

  2. Concept of Federalism • Federal vs Unitary Concurrent powers Fed State

  3. Division of powers • What areas are exclusively federal responsibilities? • coin money, wage war, regulate immigration and citizenship • What areas are exclusively or mostly state responsibilities? • establish local governments, ratify constitutional amendments, education • What areas are concurrent? • Tax, borrow money, set up courts

  4. Advantages of a decentralized federal system? • Better reflects local or regional differences • example: minimum wage • allows for experimentation • example: Oregon’s assisted suicide?

  5. Disadvantages of federalism • can inhibit trade and mobility • example: state tuition • can promote a race to the bottom • example: lower state taxes, lax environmental laws

  6. Gibbons v Ogden (1824) • Facts of the case • Result: Ct. interpreted “interstate commerce” broadly, giving greater power to Congress and the federal government.

  7. Civil War • Are states sovereign--with the right to join and leave the union as they please? • Article I, section 10--”no confederacies” • “We the People”, not “we the states” • Outcome of the War: • No!

  8. Post Civil War Era • Growth of big business and national economy • necessary action by fed govt: • starting with regulating railroads, and monopolies

  9. Great Depression and New Deal (1929-41) • Works Project Administration • Social Security • and much more--eventually with USSC approval • Wickard v Filburn (1942) • digression--Raich v Gonzalez (2005)

  10. Civil Rights and Integration (1954-74) • Federal laws and federal troops integrating schools and public accommodations • Heart of Atlanta Motel v United States (1964)

  11. Great Society (1963-69) • War On Poverty • Medicare • Medicaid

  12. Reagan “revolution” and devolution • Less “strings” on reduced federal funding for state programs--from categorical to block grants • Example of “Welfare” reform in 1990s • Conservative Supreme Ct reducing federal controls over states • Examples: • US v Lopez (1995) • US v Morrison (2000) • but more mixed in Raich v Gonzalez (2005)