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TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS

TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS. Wireless Communication. Transmisi suara dan data menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas Gelombang elektromagnetik Kecepatan Cahaya (c = 3x10 8 m/s) Memiliki Frekuensi (f) dan Panjang Gelombang ( l ) c = f x l

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TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS

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  1. TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  2. Wireless Communication • Transmisi suara dan data menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas • Gelombang elektromagnetik • Kecepatan Cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s) • Memiliki Frekuensi (f) dan Panjang Gelombang (l) c = f x l • Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  3. Spektrum Frekuensi 104 102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16 Radio Spectrum Microwave IR UV X-Rays Cosmic Rays 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1MHz ==100m100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm Visible light < 30 KHz VLF30-300KHz LF 300KHz – 3MHz MF3 MHz – 30MHz HF 30MHz – 300MHz VHF 300 MHz – 3GHz UHF 3-30GHz SHF > 30 GHz EHF Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  4. Contoh : Panjang Gelombang • GSM : • Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz • Panjang Gelombang ~= 33cm • PCS • Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz • Panjang Gelombang ~= 17.5 cm • Bluetooth: • Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz • Panjang Gelombang ~= 12.5cm Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  5. Frequency Carrier/Kanal • Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada band frekuensi tertentu • Disebut sebagai kanal (channel) • Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate) • Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  6. Example Station A Channel 1 (b - b+30) Station B Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60) Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90) • Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b for communication between stations A and B • Assume each channel occupies 30KHz • There are 3 channels • Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way) • For full duplex communication: • Use two different channels (front and reverse channels) • Use time division in a channel Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  7. Simplex Communication • Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way. • This is called simplex transmision • To enable two-way communication (called full-duplex communication) • We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing • We can use Time Division Multiplexing Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  8. Duplex Communication - FDD • FDD: Frequency Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M Forward Channel Reverse Channel Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  9. Duplex Communication - TDD • TDD: Time Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M M B M B M B A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  10. Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service Reverse Channel Forward Channel 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 825.0 0.030(N-1023) + 825.0 Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 870.0 0.030(N-1023) + 870.0 (Channels 800-990 are unused) Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  11. What is Mobility ? • Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static • No change of location during a call/connection • A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location • Mobility and portability • Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline • Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  12. Degrees of Mobility • Walking Users • Low speed • Small roaming area • Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access • Vehicles • High speeds • Large roaming area • Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access • Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  13. What is Mobility ? • Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static • No change of location during a call/connection • A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location • Mobility and portability • Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline • Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  14. Degrees of Mobility • Walking Users • Low speed • Small roaming area • Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access • Vehicles • High speeds • Large roaming area • Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access • Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  15. The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking • Demand for Ubiquitous Computing • Anywhere, anytime computing and communication • You don’t have to go to the lab to check your email • Pushing the computers more into background • Focus on the task and life, not on the computer • Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make your life more easier • Computers should be location aware • Adapt to the current location, discover services Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  16. Pengertian Nirkabel • Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik • Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau fiber optik • Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile) • Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  17. Komunikasi Nirkabel • Dapat dilakukan “dimana saja” (mobile) • Bisa bersifat lebih personal • Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal: • Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop) • Tombol terbatas • Daya terbatas Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  18. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel • Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed): • Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT) • Sambungan lokal (Wireless Local Loop-WLL) • Bluetooth: jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah • WiFi: jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi • WIMAX: jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi • Satellite: jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah • RFID: jangkauan sangat kecil • Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile): • Limited Mobility (Flexi) • Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G) • Satellite (GMPCS) Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  19. Berbagai Teknologi Nirkabel Degree of mobility UMTS Driving CDMA Systems beyond 3G >2010 GSMGPRS UMTS Walking HSDPA EV-DO EV-DV EDGE IEEE802.16e FlashOFDM (802.20) Standing DECT WLAN(IEEE 802.11x) IEEE802.16a,d BlueTooth 0.1 1 10 100 Mbps User data rate Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  20. Standard Nirkabel Sensors RFID (AutoID Center) IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance) (BAN) BAN: Body Area Network RAN IEEE 802.22 WAN 3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19 MAN IEEE 802.16d WiMAX ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS LAN ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2 IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance PAN IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA ETSI HiperPAN Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  21. 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation Analog voice Digital voice & Low rate data ALL-IP Broadband Ubiquitous & Seamless System Evolution Scenario Generation (Cellular) Voice & High speed data Multimedia WLAN++ 1000 WLAN+ 802.11n, etc. 4G Maximum transmission rate Trmax - Mbps WiMAX 100 UWB, etc. WLAN 802.11a,HiSWANa, HIPERLAN2, etc. 3G+ HSDPA, cdma2000(3X), etc. Nomadic 10 Bluetooth, etc. 3G W-CDMA, Cdma2000, etc. 1 Local 0.1 2G+ PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. Mobile 2G PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. 0.01 ～1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  22. GSM Evolution GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4kbps 2G 3G 2.5G EDGE Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  23. CDMA Standards Evolution IS-2000 1X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet- 9.6/14.4 Kbps IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet- 64 Kbps IS-2000 1XEV-DO 600 Kbps; 2.4 Kbps peak IS-2000 1XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak All IP CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP CDMA2000 Interworking function cdmaOne Source: CDMA2000-A world view Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  24. IMT-2000 (Family of Standards) IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA WCDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000 1X and 3X UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA UWC-136/ EDGE DECT FDMA CDMA TDMA Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

  25. Berbagai Jenis Content & Aplikasi Modul 1 - Teknologi Wireless

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