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Essential Guide to Device Drivers: Understanding and Writing Drivers for Various Platforms

This comprehensive laboratory guide explores the critical aspects of device drivers, covering their functions, operation, and the complexity of writing them for different systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux. Learn about high-level functionalities like sending and receiving data, alongside insights into various driver frameworks, including Windows Driver Foundation, I/O Kit for macOS, and ALSA for Linux. This resource is essential for developers looking to deepen their understanding of device driver architecture and implementation across multiple platforms.

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Essential Guide to Device Drivers: Understanding and Writing Drivers for Various Platforms

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  1. Εργαστήριο Λειτουργικών ΣυστημάτωνΦροντιστήριο6–Device Drivers Ντίρλης Νικόλαος

  2. Device Drivers • Operates • Controls • Hiding Details • Enable users to use high level functions • Example: Serial Port • High Level Functions: (1) Send Data, (2) Receive Data • Different low-level commands for 16550 UART or FTDI • RS-232 standard compatible

  3. Help Please? - Windows • How difficult is to write a driver? • Windows Driver Foundation: User-Mode Driver Framework (recommended, message-based) and Kernel-Mode Drivers Framework (standard implementations of functions that are known to cause problems, including cancellation of I/O operations, power management, and plug and play device)

  4. Help Please? – Mac OS • X is Not Unix Kernel • I/O Kit • subset of C++ (omits features that Apple feels are unsafe for use in a multithreaded kernel)

  5. APIs • Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) – the graphic display driver architecture for Win Vista-7-8 • Windows Driver Model (WDM) • Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) – a standard network card driver API • Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) – as of 2009 the standard Linux sound-driver interface • Scanner Access Now Easy (SANE) – a public-domain interface to raster-image scanner-hardware • Installable File System (IFS) – a filesystem API for IBM OS/2 and Microsoft Windows NT • Open Data-Link Interface (ODI) – a network card API similar to NDIS • Uniform Driver Interface (UDI) – a cross-platform driver interface project • Dynax Driver Framework (dxd) – C++ open source cross-platform driver framework for KMDF and I/O Kit

  6. Others • Firmware • Embedded Systems

  7. The “Hello” Driver • usr/src/drivers/hello int main(intargc, char **argv) { sef_startup(); printf("Hello, World!\n"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } • make install

  8. System Services • cdetc • vi system.conf • /hello # service up /usr/sbin/hello # service down hello #cd dev #ls| grep “hello” http://wiki.minix3.org/DevelopersGuide/DriverProgramming

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