Presentation Transcript

1. A2 History

   11/1/13
2. Practical
3. Comparative Unit Re-cap UK Cricket (tradition; ashes mythology; growth of commercialism and development of the game); Rugby League (high level competitions; history of professionalism; north/south divide); Rugby Union (as middle-class game; professionalism and commercialism; influence of Rugby World Cup); o Association football (history as a working class game; amateurism and professionalism; contemporary popularity – spectator and media interest). Australia Cricket (tradition; ashes mythology; growth of commercialism; development of game); Rugby League (as an inclusive game; inter-state (State of Origin) competitions; class appeal; professionalism; tri-nations competition; geographical focus/location); Rugby Union (as ‘colonial’ middle-class game; professionalism and commercialism; influence of Rugby World Cup); Association football (history as a marginalised game; contemporary popularity); Australian Rules football (cultural and ethnic diversity; appeal for both players and spectators). USA A case study of the ‘big four’ American sports with reference to origins, nature of game, impact of universities, sport as an industry, the relationship between high level sport, sponsorship and the media (‘golden triangle’); and the concept of ‘sport space’.
4. Learning Objectives Understand how people spent their leisure time before the industrial revolution Relate how sport of pre-industrial Britain reflected the society of the time Be able to give example of popular recreation Understand the key characteristics of popular sports & recreations
5. Focus Written communication Spelling Grammar Punctuation Sentence construction Technical language Paragraphs
6. History Factors that have impacted physical activity Thinking as a historian Social class and gender Popular recreation Social and cultural factors Pre-industrial Britain
7. Remember the questions:- WHERE is it? WHO is involved? WHEN is it taking place? WHY? HOW?

8. Four aspects of Sports HistoryImportant to understand the characteristics of each century ~ Influence on each aspect

   Post-industrial Pre-industrial 18th century 19th century 20th century 1700 1800 1900 2000 Popular recreation Public school athleticism Rational recreation State elementary education

9. Social and Cultural factors of popular recreation (18th cent)

   Life was difficult; High mortality rates, Public hangings (uncivilised) Low literacy amongst the poor, Poor communications (transport and communication), No technological advancements. Task: Think and list down the characteristics of popular recreation based on the above facts. Eg; Played locally due to poor transport.
10. Life in Pre-industrial BritainSocietal background Life expectancy was 35 Years Pre-Christian rituals often involved competition – hunts & fights. Mob games had origins in pagan times. Often ball games Ashbourne in Derbyshire & Alnwick in Northumberland. Others, such as Haxey Hood game, were based on folk tales. www.mercia.f9.co.uk/haxey_hood.htm
11. Life in Pre-industrial BritainThe medieval sporting year Spring fertility festivals New Years Day & Plough Monday (1st Monday after Christmas Most at Easter - Shrove Tuesday popular for ‘mob games’, (football, tug of war & animal baiting). Before lent. May Day – men chased women, ritual of fertility. Whitsuntide – dancing & games Cotswold games in summer – running, jumping & throwing.
12. Life in Pre-industrial BritainThe medieval sporting year Population was totally rural Largest town had a population of 20,000 30 ‘holy’ days when sport could be played Gentry & peasants Some sports overlapped
13. How many characteristics of Popular Recreation can you see?
14. How many characteristics of Popular Recreation can you see?
15. Natural/Simple Lack of technology, Purpose-built facilities and money for the masses. Wagering A chance to go from rags to riches

    Characteristics of popular recreation

    Local Limited transport and communications. Played locally. Occupational Work often became the basis of play. Simple, unwritten rules Illiteracy, no National Governing Bodies. Rural Before the Industrial Revolution, Britain was agricultural and rural. Cruel/violent Reflecting the harshness of 18th cent rural life. Courtly/popular Pre-industrial Britain was a two-class system; Upper and peasant . Occasional Limited free time due to work. Free time on Holy days and annual holidays.
16. Popular Recreation
17. Tracing the developments
18. Tracing the developments
19. Pre-Industrial Britain? Transport Industry…
20. Remember the questions:- WHERE is it? (rural; urban; natural) WHO is involved? (class/gender) WHEN is it taking place? (occasional/regular) WHY are participants involved? Amateur; professional; entertainment; wager? HOW is it being performed? (simple? rules; cruelty? violence?; sportsmanship?)
21. The Village Ba’ Game
22. Popular recreation Characteristics? P L O C R O W S
23. Popular recreation Characteristics? Popular/courtly Localised Occasional Cruel/Violent Rural Occupational (we’ll look at this later) Wagering Simple/Un-written rules Simple/Natural
24. Popular/courtly Britain was a 2 class society: Aristocracy/ gentry/courtly; Upper class; these were the very wealthy; owned the land Peasantry; Lower class; Popular; extremely poor; worked on the land Both classes loved play; they rarely mixed (sometimes they did though) however so activities could be either popular or courtly. EXAMPLE: Courtly played Real Tennis; Popular played mob games
25. Local Many games/activities were localised to a region/town/village/area. Example: The Ashbourne football game was only played in Ashbourne, Derbyshire.
26. Occasional Many of these activities only took place on special Annual occasions or Saints Days. EXAMPLE: Ashbourne Football takes place during the Shrovetide holiday
27. Cruel/Violent Violence between humans was commonplace; cruelty to animals was popular amongst both classes. Drinking was also excessive (and not considered ill-bred) and fuelled this behaviour. EXAMPLE: the ‘Cock Shy’; bear and bull baiting; bull running; the prize ring and ‘rampaging’!
28. Rural Britain was in a ‘pre-industrial’ state. Agriculture was the main industry and most activities took place on natural rural environments. EXAMPLE: Swimming and bathing in natural rivers; cricket on open fields
29. Wagering Gambling (you must call it wagering in Popular rec. contexts) was a compulsion amongst both the peasantry (to win money) and aristocracy (to demonstrate wealth and spice up mundane lifestyles). Huge sums were wagered. They bet on pretty much anything!
30. Simple Unwritten rules/Un-coded Many activities and local customs were past down by word of mouth. The lower classes were illiterate and only occasionally (specifically cricket and real tennis) were regulations written down.
31. “Pre-industrial popular recreation reflected the society, life and time in which it existed”
32. Pre-industrial society Two class system: feudal system Cottage/Agriculture industry Limited communication/transport Poor literacy Harsh society/poor law and order Limited free time Rags to riches
33. How closely did mob football match pop. Rec. characteristics?
34. Mob football: Popular recreation Characteristics? Popular/courtly? Yes, how? Localised? Yes, how? Occasional? Yes, how? Cruel/Violent? Yes, how? Rural? Yes, how? Occupational (we’ll look at this later) Wagering? Yes, how? Simple/Un-coded? Yes, how?
35. Popular games and recreations of pre-industrial Britain This is to provide case studies of pastimes undertaken in this era. Real Tennis – sport confined to the gentry Football – a game of the peasants Cricket – a game with some degree of social mix was permissible.
36. The games of the court & the gentry Time available Economic reasons Social Advantage The horse Soldier Literature Gambling (bowling, horse racing, cock fighting & archery
37. Real Tennis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYvbHCMBxuU Originated in France Popular in Britain in 14 Cent. Kings, Nobles & Merchants. Originally constructed from courtyards Net was a rope or cord. Gloves then short handled rackets.

38. Real/Royal tennis

    “The sophisticated exclusivity of real tennis was the exact opposite to the rustic simplicity of folk games” (Davis, 1997)
39. Some characteristics of Real/Royal Tennis? Sophisticated Exclusive Skill over force Regulated Artificial facilities (OHP)
40. So how does Real Tennis fit into our general characteristics of popular recreation?
41. Real tennis: Popular recreation Characteristics? Popular/courtly? Yes, how? Localised? Occasional? Cruel/Violent? Rural? Occupational? Wagering? Simple/Un-coded?
42. Football New & Shrovetide celebrations Referred to as street football – maintaining rights of way Alnwick in Northumberland moved to fields – St. Michaels & St. Peter’s (parishes) Few rules, distinct teams & goals
43. Cricket Ancient origins Ancient Celts & Romans Weald of Southern England in 1700 – downland grass, a ball of wool & a crook Bat & Ball Inn, Hambledon 1744 published rules
44. Key Revision Points Pop rec took place in pre-industrial Britain Church calendar allowed regular time for leisure and sport Social distinction between court & peasantry – mob, informal, large scale & violent Cricket a game where classes could intermix Animal sports were popular – baiting for lower classes, hunting for upper classes.