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Unveiling the Diversity of Echinodermata: Characteristics, Feeding, Structure & Reproduction

Learn about Echinodermata, featuring their defining characteristics, water vascular system, tube feet, mutable connective tissue, taxonomy, and different classes like Asteroidea and Holothuroidea. Discover their unique features, feeding habits, reproduction methods, and fascinating structures.

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Unveiling the Diversity of Echinodermata: Characteristics, Feeding, Structure & Reproduction

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  1. Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata

  2. Phylum Echinodermata • Defining Characteristics • A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous flexible feeding and locomotory appendages • 5 pointed radial symmetry in adult Phylum Echinodermata

  3. Echinoderms Skeleton • Have an internalskeleton of calcium carbonate • Ossicles vary in size and structure and are manufactured by specialized cells • Feeding biology? Phylum Echinodermata

  4. Water vascular system • A separate coelom is used with interconnecting fluid filled tubes and canals • A ring canal circles the mouth and gives off 5 radial canals • The radial canal is exposed and runs along the ambulacral groove Phylum Echinodermata

  5. Water Vascular System Phylum Echinodermata

  6. Tube Feet • The ampullae is a small ball that sits above the tube foot • Contraction and expansion of the ampulla accomplishes movement Phylum Echinodermata

  7. Mutable Connective Tissue • Another unique Echinodermata characteristic is the presence of mutable connective tissue Phylum Echinodermata

  8. Taxonomic Summary • Phylum Echinodermata • Class Crinoidea • Class Concentricycloidea • Class Stelleroidea • Subclass Asteroidea • Subclass Ophiuroidea • Class Echinoidea • Class Holothuroidea Phylum Echinodermata

  9. Subclass Asteroidea Phylum Echinodermata

  10. Sea Stars • The oral surface of each arm has a single ambulacral groove • Have a large coelom where all the main organs occur Phylum Echinodermata

  11. Sea Star Feeding • Feed mainly on slow moving, sedentary, or sessile invertebrates • Some species evert the stomach onto prey and digest externally, others swallow whole Phylum Echinodermata

  12. Pedicellariae • Specialized pinchers found on the aboral surface. Phylum Echinodermata

  13. Reproduction • Can reproduce asexually by disk division • Sexual Reproduction • Dioecious with sperm or eggs produced in 2 or more gonads in each arm • Larval stage = bipinnaria Phylum Echinodermata

  14. Regeneration • Many species autotomize, leaving predators with a nutritious souvenir while they escape • Most spp. can regenerate from fragments that include the disk Phylum Echinodermata

  15. Subclass Ophiuroidea • Defining Characteristics • Well-developed ossicles in the arms forming a system of articulating vertebrae • The oral surface bears 5 pair of bursal sacs Phylum Echinodermata

  16. Brittle Star Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  17. Reproduction • Similar to Asteroids; yet a pluteus larva is formed • Regenerate well, and one spp., in our area reproduces asexually by disk division Phylum Echinodermata

  18. Class Echinoidea • Defining characteristics • Ossicles are joined to form a rigid test • Adults possess a feeding structure called Aristotle’s lantern • Two attributes: mobile spines, and hollow skeleton or test Phylum Echinodermata

  19. Sea Urchin Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  20. Pedicellariae • Pedicellariae prevent fouling of test and are used in defense • More complex than sea stars and are located on tall moveable stalks Phylum Echinodermata

  21. Ingestion and Digestion • Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or scavenge • Food is chopped by 5 sharp pointed teeth • The digestive system is long to deal with vegetable manner • The anus is located aborally Phylum Echinodermata

  22. Reproduction • Most conspicuous organs are those responsible for reproduction • At spawning the entire coelom will fill with sperm or eggs • Pluteus larva is formed Phylum Echinodermata

  23. Sand Dollars • Irregular: non-spherical variously depressed • Anus is shifted to the oral surface posterior to the mouth creating bilateral symmetry Phylum Echinodermata

  24. Class Holothuroidea • Defining characteristics • Worm shaped body, greatly elongated along the aboral and oral axis • The calcareous ossicles are reduced in size and embedded individually in the body wall • Highly branched muscular respiratory structures Phylum Echinodermata

  25. Holothuroidea Feeding • Possess retractile feeding tentacle that surrounds the mouth • While suspension or deposit feeding each tentacle is cleaned in the mouth Phylum Echinodermata

  26. Holothuroidea Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  27. Ossicles • Although somewhat soft they do have an internal skeleton • The skeletal elements (ossicles) are microscopic with complex shapes • May compose up to 80% of the dry body weight Phylum Echinodermata

  28. Respiration • Respiratory trees Phylum Echinodermata

  29. Defense • Many spp. have powerful toxins in the body wall • Cuverian tubules • Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the anus • Also eviscerates to avoid predation • Internal organs regenerate after a period of time Phylum Echinodermata

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