FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology

1. FAST:Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Edward T. O'Neill, OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Subject Metadata from the Other Side ASIST 2002, Philadelphia, PA November 21, 2002

2. Schema Requirements • Suitable for metadata, • Simple—usable by non-catalogers and in non-library environments, • Semantic interoperability enabling users to search across discipline boundaries.

3. OCLC Library of Congress ALCTS/SAC Synergy OCLC Team Lois Mai Chan Lynn El-Hoshy

4. Options for Metadata We were limited to three basic choices in selecting an indexing/subject heading schema for metadata: • The use an existing schema(s), • Adapt or modify an existing schema, • Develop new schema(s). We elected to adapt the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

5. Advantages of LCSH • Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas, • It has the strong institutional support of the Library of Congress, • Synonym and homograph control, • Has been extensively used by libraries, contained in millions of bibliographic records, • Has a long and well-documented history.

6. Classification--Books. • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. • Cataloging--United States. • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. • Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. • U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an • introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. • New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. • xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. • Includes bibliographical references (p. • 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. Card Format • LCSH was originally created for card catalogs—a 3x5 card environment, • Cards required pre-coordinated vocabulary, • Cards restrict the limits number of entries.

7. Objective of FAST Project • Develop a new subject heading schema by faceting LCSH that: • Is easy to use, understand, and maintain, • Is suitable for metadata, • Minimizes the construction of headings, • Simplifies the syntax, • Retains the richness of the vocabulary, • Is upwardly compatible with LCSH.

8. 8 Facets Topical Information scientists • Personal Names • Kraft, Donald H. Corporate Names • American Society for • Information Science • and Technology • Conference/Meetings • Uniform Titles Geographic Ohio—Dublin Form (Genre) Bibliography Chronological 1901 - 2000

9. FACET: Topical • LCSH main headings from topical headings (650), • All associated general ($x) subdivisions from any type of LCSH heading, • Period subdivisions containing topical aspects from any type of LCSH heading, • Hierarchy (Subdivisions) is retained within facets.

10. FAST: Topical Headings Industrial project management—Data processing Colombian poetry Blacksmithing—History Epic literature—History and criticism Pets and travel Quartets (Pianos (2), percussion) Natural gas pipelines—Economic aspects School psychologists Blood banks Loudspeakers—Design and construction

11. FACET: Geographic • Geographic name will be established and applied in indirect order, [Ohio—Columbus not Columbus (Ohio)], • First level geographic names will be limited to names from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio, France, Great Lakes, etc.) Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the smallest first level name in which it is fully contained (North America—Maya Forest) • Geographic Area Codes will be added to all authority records for geographic names, • Information from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) including feature type, county, latitude, and longitude will be added to geographic authority records.

12. Example of Faceting LCSH Topical Heading: Architecture, Modern$y20th century $z Illinois $z Chicago$v Guidebooks. Derived FAST Headings: Architecture, Modern (Topical) Illinois $z Chicago(Geographic) 1900-1999 (Chronological) Guidebooks (Form)

13. Authorities • A proposal to modify the MARC 21 bibliographic and authority formats to accommodate FAST has been approved by MARBI, • Authority records will be created for all FAST headings except chronological— chronological authorities will be created only when required for references, • Approximately 2 million FAST authority records will be created in Phase I.

14. FAST Geographic Authority Record Leader: 00262nz 2200109n 4500 0 001 503522 1 003 OCoLC 2 005 20021104132539.0 3 008 021104nneanz||babn n ana d 4 040 a OCoLC b eng c OCoLC f fast 5 043 a n-us-mi 6 151 a Michigan z Charlevoix 7 670 a GNIS, Nov 4, 2002 b (Charlevoix, Mich.; populated place; Charlevoix; 4519§05·N; 8515§30·W) 8 751 0 a Charlevoix (Mich.) 0(DLC)n 82062705

16. Summary • LCSH Vocabulary, • Faceted, • Hierarchical, • Headings will be fully established, • Compatible with LCSH.

17. Questions?wcp.oclc.org/FASToneill@oclc.org