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Understanding Motion, Momentum, and Ecosystems

This introductory chapter explores the fundamental concepts of motion, velocity, and momentum. It defines speed as the rate of change in distance and delves into the relationship between time and distance on a graph. It explains the importance of direction and acceleration, and how these concepts relate to inertia and momentum during collisions. Additionally, the chapter covers ecological relationships, highlighting biotic factors like worms and their role in ecosystems, as well as processes such as photosynthesis and energy transfer in food webs.

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Understanding Motion, Momentum, and Ecosystems

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  1. Chapter 1 Motion and Momentum

  2. distance • Speed is the rate of change in______

  3. Speed and Direction • To describe velocity you need to know _____.

  4. Time and Distance • When you graph the motion of an object, you put _______ on the horizontal axis and _______ on the vertical axis.

  5. Direction • Acceleration involves a change in ______.

  6. Velocity • Acceleration is a change in ____.

  7. Zero • On a speed-time graph, a horizontal line shows the change in speed is ______.

  8. A change in motion of an object • Inertia resists what?

  9. Momentum • If you exert a force on an object in motion you will change its _______.

  10. Speed • The distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel the distance is _____.

  11. In the opposite direction of • When object A collides with object B and bounces back, its final momentum is _____ its initial momentum.

  12. The truck plus the car • When a toy truck collides into a toy car, the momentum of ____ is the same before and after the collision.

  13. How hard it is to stop an object • Momentum is a measure of _____

  14. Worms • Which of the following is a biotic factor? • Climate • Sunlight • Worms

  15. Respiration • Which process uses oxygen in plants, algae, and animals?

  16. Humus • Decaying matter found in soil is called ____.

  17. chemical • During photosynthesis, light energy becomes _______ energy.

  18. proteins • Nitrogen is a necessary ingredient of ____.

  19. bacteria • Which of the following eats consumers?

  20. Plants and animals • Nitrogen in the soil is used by _____.

  21. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins • The chemical energy in sugar molecules can be stored or used in what?

  22. Food web • Which is a model of feeding relationships?

  23. decreases • As you move upward, from level to level, in an energy pyramid, energy ____.

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