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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. Ecology – the study of living things and how they react with their environment. Levels of Ecology Organism Ex. 1 stork Population * 2or more of the same s pecies. Ex. 2+ storks Community All of the living things i n an area. Ex. Storks, trees, insects, f ish, worms ….

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY

  2. Ecology– the study of living things and how they react with their environment. • Levels of Ecology • Organism • Ex. 1 stork • Population • * 2or more of the same • species. • Ex. 2+ storks • Community • All of the living things • in an area. • Ex. Storks, trees, insects, • fish, worms … • Biotic Factors • Living things • Ex. Plants, animals, • fungi, protists, bacteria. • Abiotic Factors • Non-living things • Ex. Temperature, water, • sunlight, wind, climate, • natural disasters, pollution … (Ecosystem) • Biosphere • All the ecosystems of • the world. • Ecosystem • All the living & non-living • things in an area. • Ex. Community + temperature, water, sunlight, rocks, etc.

  3. POPULATION INTERACTIONS Predator – prey * one species (predator) hunts and feeds on another species (prey). * displayed as a “Saw-Tooth” graph. * the population of one species is dependent on the population of another species.

  4. Predator adaptations include: • Acute senses – ex. Heat sensing pits of rattlesnakes, sense of smell in • sharks, hearing, etc. • Structures such as claws, teeth, fangs, stingers, poisons … • Speed and agility • Prey adaptations include: • Plants – thorns, poisons, • Animals – ability to hide, escape, • coloration, poisons, mimicry • Why is predation important? • Helps preserve biodiversity by reducing competition. • Ex. Starfish keep the mussel population • in check so that the mussels don’t • crowd out other species.

  5. Competition • Organisms will compete for limiting resources. • Inter-specific competition – within the same species. • Intra-specific competition – among different species. Habitat – the place where an organism lives. Niche – the functional role of a species in the ecosystem. Ie. Its’ job or way of life. *NO TWO SPECIES CAN OCCUPY THE SAME HABITAT AND NICHE * Ex. Loons, Kingfishers, and Herons all live on lakes and eat fish. However, they each hunt fish in a different way.

  6. Symbiotic Relationships • Symbiosis – two or more species living in a close, long-term relationship. • There are 3 types of symbiosis: • I. Mutualism - both species benefit from this relationship. • Ex. Alligator and the egret. • Gets groomed. * Gets food. • Ex. Clown fish and sea anemone, shark and cleaner fish, lichen (an algae • and a fungus)

  7. Commensalism – one species is helped while the other is unaffected. Ex. Barnacles on a whale. Place to live. Don’t care, doesn’t bother whale. Ex. Mites on eyelashes, Spanish moss on trees, poison ivy on trees.

  8. Parasitism – one species is helped, the other is harmed. Ex. Mosquito and human. (parasite) (host) Food Slowly eaten Ex. Tapeworms, athlete’s foot, blow flies …

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