1. CS5: Computer Graphics Yann Morvan Computer Science morvany@cs.tcd.ie

2. Assessment • Exam 80% • Two projects • 2D Graphics 8% • 3D Graphics 12% • Practicals every two weeks* • OpenGL • Graphics Techniques • Implementation of selected topics

3. What is Computer Graphics ?

4. Computer Graphics • “Computer Graphics is concerned with producing images (or animations) using a computer.” rendering modeling DISPLAY WORLD MODEL

5. Rendering

6. Modeling And Rendering © Walt Disney and TSL

7. Wireframe Model Skeletal Model Muscle Model © Walt Disney and TSL Hair Render and Touch up Skin

8. Some History

9. Spacewars: first computer graphics game (MIT 1961) Whirlwind: early graphics using VectorScope (1951) first CAD system (IBM 1959) SketchPad: first interactive graphics (1961)

10. Early texture-mapped image (Catmull 1974) First bump-mapped images (Blinn 1978) First ray traced image (Whitted 1980) First distributed ray traced image (Cook 1984)

11. Westworld (1973) First production movie to feature computer graphics. Used in various graphics displays within the Westworld center.

12. Star Wars (1977)

13. Tron (1980) First time computer graphics were used for live action sequences.

14. Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, genesis effect (1983) The Last Starfighter (15 minutes) (1982)

15. Applications of Computer Graphics

16. Movies Fully computer generated animated features

17. Movies Special Effects… in Live Action Cinema

18. Movies • “Traditional” Animated Features… • Some examples: • Automating Keyframing in many Disney-type animations • The flocking behaviour of the wilderbeest in Lion King • Non photorealistic rendering: 3D effects in Futurama

19. Behind the scenes on Antz Production Number of frames in the movie 119,592 Number of times the movie was rendered during production 15 (approx.) Number of feet of approved animation produced in a week 107 ft. Total number of hours of rendering per week 275,000 hrs. Average size of the frame rendered 6 MB Total number of Silicon Graphics servers used for rendering 270 Number of desktop systems used in production 166 Total Number of processors used for rendering 700 Average amount of memory per processor 256 MB Time it would have taken to render this movie on 1 processor 54 yrs., 222 days, 15 mins., 36 secs. Amount of storage required for the movie 3.2 TB Amount of frames kept online at any given time 75000 frames Time to re-film out final cut beginning to end 41.5 days (997 hrs.)

20. User Interfaces CAVE: Immersive and Interactive 3D enironement B205 Control Console (1960) 3D Studio MAX

21. Layout and Design

22. Scientific Visualization and Analysis

23. Medicine and Virtual Surgery The Visible Human project

24. Room Layout Design and Architectural Simulations

25. ART AND DESIGN

26. History and cultutal heritage

27. CG Applications (1) • Art, Entertainment, Publishing • Movie Production, Animation and Special Effects • Computer Games • Browsing the web • Slide, Book and Magazine Design • Multimedia

28. CG Applications (2) • Computer Graphics and Image Processing • Scientific Analysis and Visualization • Simulations • Computer Aided Design • Electrical Circuit Design • Architecture

29. Related Disciplines Data Processing DATA Computer Vision Computer Graphics IMAGES Image Processing

30. Interdisciplinary • Science • Physics: light, color, appearance, behaviour • Mathematics: Curves and Surfaces, Geometry and Perspective • Engineering • Hardware: graphics media and processors, input and output devices • Software: graphics libraries, window systems • Art, Perception and Esthetics • Color, Composition, Lighting, Realism

31. Graphics and the Computer Engineer • Knowledge of the Interdisciplinary Background to Graphics Related Problems • Ability to Implement Computer Solutions based on interdisciplinary techniques in computer systems • Knowledge of existing hardware and software frameworks for Computer Graphics applications • Optimization! Realism/Fidelity vs Speed

32. Subtopics • Modelling • 2D Graphics • 3D Graphics • Image Synthesis • Ray-tracing, Radiosity • Image Processing • Animation • Key Frame animation • Physically Based Simulation • Real-time Interactive Animation

33. Course Outline (1) • Computer Graphics: Problems and Applications • Graphics Display Hardware and Input Devices • Introduction to Colour Theory • Geometric Modelling • 2D Co-ordinate Systems and Transformations

34. Course Outline (2) • 3D Co-ordinate Systems and Transformations • Projection and Viewing • Hidden Surface Removal • Illumination and Shading • Animation and Interaction • Global Illumination • Current Issues in Computer Graphics

35. Recommended Texts • Computer Graphics – C Version - Hearn, Baker • Computer Graphics using Open GL 2/e – F.S. Hill • Introduction to Computer Graphics - Foley, Van Dam, Feiner, Hughes, Phillips • Interactive Computer Graphics A Top-down approach with OpenGL – Edward Angel

36. Useful References • OpenGL Programming Guide - M. Woo, J. Neider, and T. Davis • OpenGL Reference Manual – OpenGL ARB • OpenGL SuperBible – R.S. Wright, Michael Sweet

37. Image Synthesis Group Computer graphics research in Trinity College Graphics & perception Virtual Dublin Characters & Crowds Image Synthesis Adaptive Simulation Virtual Reality