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Epidemiology of Suicide

Epidemiology of Suicide . Suicide a “ serious public health problem ,” The Surgeon General declared July 28, 1999. Jason Flatt Act of 2008. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the Jason Flatt Act, SB 1378

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Epidemiology of Suicide

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  1. Epidemiology of Suicide

  2. Suicide a “serious public health problem,” The Surgeon General declared July 28, 1999

  3. Jason Flatt Act of 2008 Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the Jason Flatt Act, SB 1378 authorizes school districts to use a portion of their Professional Development Block Grant funding to pay for suicide prevention training allow for teachers to receive up to two hours of suicide prevention training during one of their regularly scheduled training days

  4. Definitionof Suicide • Suicidal ideation“Thoughts of harming or killing oneself” • The severity of suicidal ideation can be determined by assessing the frequency, intensity, and duration of these thoughts • Suicide attempt “A non-fatal, self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die” • Suicide“Fatal self-inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die” http://www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/suicide/suicide_def.htm

  5. United States Overview

  6. Statistics Suicide is the eleventh leading cause of death for all ages. • 3rd leading cause of death for young people 15-24 • 4th leading cause for children 10-14 years of age • http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/suicide/suicide_data_sheet.pdf

  7. Every 16 minutes, an American commits suicide, affecting at least six people intimately

  8. SUICIDE AGE-SPECIFIC DEATH RATE BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND AGE GROUP*

  9. U.S. Suicide Mortality by Age and Gender PEI Suicide Webcast Handouts WISQARS, NCIPC, CDC.

  10. Methods in USA Suicides Method % of Total Number • Firearms 54.0% 17,108 • Hanging, 20.4% 6,462 • strangulation, suffocation • Solid & Liquid Poisons 12.7% 4,016 • Gas Poisons 4.6% 1,470 • All Other Methods 8.2% 2,599 Note: Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding

  11. Self-inflicted injury among all persons by age and gender--United States, 2005 PEI Suicide Webcast Handouts

  12. Consequences • The total lifetime cost of self-inflicted injuries occurring in 2000 was about $33 billion. • $1billion for medical treatment • $32 billion for lost productivity http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/suicide/suicide_conque.htm

  13. Suicide and Youth

  14. Statistics Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 19 years. Every day, 12 young people (ages 15 to 24) commit suicide, or approximately 1 every 100 minutes. Almost all people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental or substance use disorder.

  15. Trends in Youth Suicide by Gender Young Men Young Total Young Women Young = 15-24 years of age • 1933-2002 data

  16. Did you know? One teenager attempts suicide every 90 seconds. The most common precipitant of adolescent suicide is: an argument with a boyfriend, girlfriend, or a parent (19%) school problems (14%).

  17. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning (LGBTQ) • Suicide is the leading cause of death • among gay and lesbian youth • LGBTQ youth are up to 5 x more likely to • attempt suicide

  18. LGBTQ Youth Who attempt suicide share the following characteristics and experiences: • Lower self-esteem • Acknowledged more mental health problems • Early awareness • Peer rejection • Victimization • Disclosed their identity to a greater extent, and by doing so, lost more friends and experienced more victimization

  19. California & Orange County

  20. Suicide Rates California vs. USA: Race/Ethnicity (2005) • White Non-Hispanic: 10.09 vs. 11.96 • American Indian: 3.99 vs. 11.65 • Black Non-Hispanic: 5.50 vs. 5.23 • Asian: 5.15 vs. 5.18 • Other: 5.03 vs. 6.40

  21. More Californians Die by Suicide Each Year Than by Homicide (2005) Suicide 3,206 10th ranking cause 9.0 per 100,000 Homicide 2,540 12th ranking cause 7.0 per 100,000 26% more people killed themselves than were murdered by others

  22. 0-14 15-19 0-14 15-19 0-14 15-19

  23. Astounding Facts about Suicide Rates • Between 1980 and 1996, the suicide rate among 10-14 year olds increased by 100% • Between 1980 and 1996, the suicide rate among African American males between ages 15-19 increased 105% • Males are four times more likely to die from suicide than females, even though females are more likely to attempt suicide. Why? • There are approximately 14 suicides for 100,000 adolescents

  24. Myths About Suicide • Suicidal adolescents just want to die. • Adolescents who commit suicide do not warn others. • Teens who talk about suicide are only trying to get attention. They won’t really do it. • After a person has attempted suicide, it is unlikely they will try it again. • Suicide only happens to “crazy” people.

  25. Myths About Suicide • Don’t mention suicide to someone who’s showing signs of severe depression: it will plant the idea in their minds and they will act on it. • More males attempt suicide than females. • Sexual orientation does not play a role in adolescent suicide. • Race is not a factor in suicide.

  26. Myths about Suicide • Those who talk about suicide are the least likely to attempt it. • If someone is going to kill themselves, there is nothing you can do about it. • Suicidal people are fully intent on dying. • If someone has a history of making “cries for help” they are just trying to get attention. • Talking about suicide encourages it.

  27. Myths About Suicide • Only mentally ill or clinically depressed people make serious suicide attempts. • Once a person is suicidal, they are suicidal forever. • Suicide can be a blessed relief not just for the individual but those around him or her. • Some people are immune from suicide.

  28. Warning Signs • Situational Cues • Recent loss of a loved one • Survivor of suicide attempt • Anniversary of death or loss – esp. suicide • Loss of prestige, loss of face • Serious illness • Exhaustion of resources (real or imagined) • Family history of suicide • Close friend commits suicide

  29. Warning Signs • Behavioral Cues • Talking or writing about suicide • Giving away personal possessions • Change in behaviors – eating and sleeping habits • Ending close relationships • Preparing for death – talking about funeral arrangements • Crying frequently • Buying weapons, pills, etc. • Reading a lot regarding suicide

  30. Warning Signs • Emotional Cues • Sense of personal failure • Continual or constant sadness • General lack of interest • Expressing feelings of helplessness • Guilt • Withdrawal/Isolation • Feels like a burden to others • Sudden lifting of depression

  31. Warning Signs • Verbal Cues • “I can’t go on.” • “I have nothing to live for.” • “No one cares.” • “There’s nothing left to do.” • “What’s the use.” • “They won’t have me to kick around anymore.” • “I’m at my rope’s end.” • “They’re better off without me” • “I just want to stop the pain once and for all.”

  32. High School Warning Signs • Depression • Sadness or crying; withdrawal from social contacts, isolation; disinterest in previous activities, hobbies, sports, or school; inability to complete assignments, drop in grades; lack of energy; change of sleep or eating patterns; neglect of personal hygiene and personal appearance. • Giving away prized possessions • Unusual mood shifts

  33. High School Warning Signs • Impatience or impulsivity • Prior suicide attempts • Increased use of drugs and alcohol • Taking risks, frequent accidents • Saying “goodbye” • Reoccurring death themes in written or artistic expressions • Disorientation, disorganization, confusion

  34. High School Warning Signs • Grief over loss of a significant relationship, including breakups with boyfriends and girlfriends • Distress over school failure • Bullying • Poor communication or relationship with parents • Any plan or attempts to secure the means

  35. What Can You Do? • Listen: • Take feelings seriously • Avoid criticism or advice • Don’t be judgmental or moralistic • Offer genuine concern, not sympathy or pity • Maintain contact • If threat appears to be real or you are scared DO NOT LEAVE THE STUDENT ALONE.

  36. What Can You Do? • Inquire About Suicidal Plan • Is a specific plan formulated? • How lethal is the chosen method” • Is it easily accessible? • What outcome is expected? • Anticipated reaction of others? • Were previous attempts made? • If so, when, how serious, response of others? • Remove any lethal methods.

  37. What Can You Do? • Explore Resources • Personal strength and abilities • Willingness to consider alternatives • Ability to ask for help • Significant others – friends, family, clergy, teacher, etc. • Community Resources – local suicide prevention center, professional • Counseling, community mental health center.

  38. Student Referral Form • Please look at the pink Student Referral Form • Please fill it out even if you are unsure about a situation. • We can asses the situation for any possible threat.

  39. Suicide Lethality Checklist • Blue form • These are some of the areas we are going to assess when we meet with the student. • If you are privy to information in the checklist please fill it out the sections you know of and return it with the Student Referral Form. This will help with our assessment of the student.

  40. What if no one is here to help? • When we meet with students regarding suicide there are three possible outcomes: • Threat unfounded – Call home, inform the parents and the student can go. • Mild threat – Call home advise parent(s), refer to counseling services (have them call 211) • Serious Threat – Contact the parent(s) AND the SMART team (283-2708, 283-2712, 283-2714) or OC Sheriff Department (770-6011). • Always fill out the Student Referral Form!!!

  41. Resources • Yellow Ribbon • 1-800-SUICIDE • National Suicide Prevention Lifeline • 1-800-273-TALK • California Youth Crisis Line • 800-843-5200

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