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Chapter 5 : Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health

Chapter 5 : Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health. Key Vocabulary. Bacteria. Single celled organism, prokaryote that contains its genetic material in the cytoplasm. Binary Fission. A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

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Chapter 5 : Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health

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  1. Chapter 5: Viruses, Bacteria and Your Health Key Vocabulary

  2. Bacteria Single celled organism, prokaryote that contains its genetic material in the cytoplasm

  3. Binary Fission • A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

  4. A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

  5. Conjugation • Process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic to another unicellular organism through a thin threadlike bridge

  6. DECOMPOSER • Organism that breaks down chemicals from dead organisms and returns important materials to the soil and water

  7. Pasteurization • A process of heating food to a high enough temperature to kill most of the bacteria without changing the taste of the food

  8. Infectious disease • An illness that can pass from one organism to another

  9. Toxin • A poisonous substance that can harm an organism

  10. Antibiotic • A substance or chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s cells

  11. Antibiotic Resistance • The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic

  12. Vaccine • A substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and microorganisms

  13. Respiration • Process of breaking down food to release energy

  14. Asexual Reproduction • Reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

  15. Sexual Reproduction • Reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a genetically unique offspring

  16. Host • An organism that provides a source of energy or a stable environment for a virus or other organism to live

  17. Parasite • An organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host

  18. Pathogen • A disease-causing agent • For example: a virus, bacteria, or protists

  19. Bacteriophage • A virus that infects bacteria

  20. Virus • A tiny, non-living particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell

  21. Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance found inside a cell that contains the cell’s organelles

  22. Ribosome • Site of protein synthesis • organelle that makes proteins • small, non-membrane covered organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  23. Flagellum • A long, whip-like structure that enables a bacterial cell to move

  24. Endospore • A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell

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