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Unit 3

Unit 3. Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919-1941)

emmanuel-frank
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Unit 3

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  1. Unit 3 • Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919-1941) • The Post-World War I period was characterized by economic, social and political turmoil. Post-war prosperity brought about changes to American popular culture. However, economic disruptions growing out the years led to worldwide depression. The United States attempted to deal with the Great Depression through economic programs created by the federal government.

  2. Chapter 1: Racial Intolerance and the Red Scare • Content Statement: Racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I • Expectations for Learning: Describe how racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I.

  3. Section 1: The Great Migration and Violence Towards African-Americans • Content Elaboration: The Great Migration of African-Americans to northern cities heightened racial tensions there and led to a series of urban race riots in 1919. Lynchings and the enforcement of Jim Crow legislation continued in the South during the post-war era. Racial intolerance also was seen in the revival of the Ku Klux Klan across the United States.

  4. The Great Migration and Racial Tensions • A. The Great Migration • 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South • 2. During war, many migrated north • a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items • b. escape discrimination • 3. Examples • a. Cleveland: 300% increase • b. Detroit: 600% increase

  5. Comparison of African-Americans 1900-1930

  6. B. Racial Tensions • 1. After war, whites came home • 2. African-Americans moved into their neighborhoods • 3. whites jobs taken • 4. leads to discrimination/violence

  7. C. Race Riots and Lynchings • 1. Discrimination begins again • 2. many bloody race riots in the city • 3. thousands of lynchings took place • 4. In the South, Jim Crow laws continued

  8. Lynching • Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule and was not always done on the basis of race. American history has always been tinged with race and its mobs have used it as a tactic to persecute African-Americans. The Lynching of African-Americans began after the Civil War and in some ways continues to this day.

  9. D. The “new” Ku Klux Klan • 1. Formed in the South and West • 2. Used terror and violence • 3. Hated: • a. blacks • b. Jews • c. Roman Catholics • d. all “foreigners” • 4. Violence: • a. whipped and killed innocent people • b. burned buildings • c. seldom went to jail • 5. KKK blamed these people for the problems: • a. race riots • b. lack of jobs • 6. The Klan dominated some states and the government

  10. Section 2: Nativism • Content Elaboration: An increase in immigration to the United States from southern and eastern Europe preceded World War I. Nativism after the war was reflected in the passage of immigration quotas. Intolerance toward immigrants, Catholics and Jews was exhibited by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

  11. Nativism • Q: What is nativism? • A: Fear of and antagonism toward foreigners • B. Americans feared immigrants • 1. Take their jobs • C. Immigration Restriction League • 1. Had to read in order to get into U.S. • D. National Origins Act of 1924: reduced the amount of immigrants allowed in the United States • 1. Reduced quotas • 2. Only 150,000 immigrants per year • 3. Barred Chinese, Japanese, and Asians

  12. Section 3: The Red Scare • Content Elaboration: The success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia followed by post-war labor strikes and a series of bombs sent to public and business officials in the United States stirred fears of revolution among Americans. The Red Scare of 1919-1920 was a reaction to these perceived threats and led to the incarceration and deportation of many aliens.

  13. Postwar Reaction • ****The end of war did NOT bring peace to Europe. Europe was torn apart and had many problems. People revolted against their governments • ***In the U.S. the end of the war led to fear of foreigners and radicals. • ***The end of the war saw a large amount of labor strikes. Many immigrants lost their factory jobs immediately after the war.

  14. The Red Scare • 1. The Red Scare • A. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to fear it may happen in U.S. • B. Factories that war supplies closed = immigrants out of work = labor unrest = people saw these people as violent radicals and threats • C. Fear of communism, political violence, and labor unrest known as THE RED SCARE

  15. International Workers of the World (IWW) A. IWW = labor union B. IWW = influenced by Socialist Party (Communism) C. IWW = objected WWI and dodged draft D. Seattle, Washington--shipyard strike led to many other strikes in the city E. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer blames IWW F. He tries, convicts and deports many leaders of the IWW G. Most had done nothing wrong H. Palmer also deports many other “radicals” across U.S., even if they did nothing wrong.

  16. Sacco and Vanzetti • Italian immigrants accused, tried, and killed for a crime they probably did not commit.

  17. OGT Multiple Choice • Communists were also known as • A. “Blues” • B. “Grays” • C. “Yellows” • D. “Reds”

  18. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main reason for the African-American migration of the 1920’s? • A. The migration went from south to north to take advantage of the north’s climate • B. The migration went from south to north because of job opportunities in the northern factories • C. The migration went from north to south to take advantage of the south’s climate • D. The migration went from north to south because of job opportunities in the south

  19. OGT Multiple Choice • The National Origins Act of 1924 • A. required that all immigrants be able to read • B. required that all immigrants be able to speak English • C. raised immigration quotas • D. reduced immigration quotas

  20. OGT Multiple Choice • (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the Red Scare in the United States after World War I, all of the following happened to immigrants EXCEPT • A. more than 500 were deported without being charged of crimes • B. immigration laws were passed permitting a larger number of immigrants to enter the country • C. two immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were put to death on questionable charges • D. immigration laws were passed restricting the number of immigrants entering the country

  21. OGT Short Answer • Analyze two instances in which the rights of individuals were restricted for immigrants during the Red Scare. (2 points)

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