1 / 18

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Chapter 14. Conceptualizing Psychological Disorders. The Medical Model Conceptualizes abnormal behavior as a disease Advantages Humane treatment of people with “mental illness” Use of medical concepts Etiology Diagnosis Prognosis

emmly
Télécharger la présentation

Psychological Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Psychological Disorders Chapter 14

  2. Conceptualizing Psychological Disorders The Medical Model Conceptualizes abnormal behavior as a disease Advantages Humane treatment of people with “mental illness” Use of medical concepts Etiology Diagnosis Prognosis Disadvantages (Thomas Szasz) Stigmatizing Passivity Abnormal behavior is not illness

  3. Abnormal Behavior • What is abnormal behavior? • Deviant • Maladaptive • Causing personal distress • A continuum of normal/abnormal

  4. Stereotypes of Abnormal Behavior • Psychological disorders are incurable • People with psychological disorders are often violent and dangerous • People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways and are very different from “normal” people Lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders

  5. Psychodiagnosis: The Classification of Disorders • American Psychiatric Association • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 4th ed. (DSM - 4) • Axis I Clinical Syndromes • Axis II Personality Disorders • Axis III General Medical Conditions • Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental Problems • Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning

  6. Axis I Clinical Syndromes • Anxiety Disorders • Somatoform Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Mood Disorders • Schizophrenic Disorders

  7. Clinical Syndromes: Anxiety Disorders • Generalized anxiety disorder • “free-floating anxiety” • Phobic disorder • Specific focus of fear • Panic disorder and agoraphobia • Obsessive compulsive disorder • Obsessions • Compulsions • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

  8. Etiology of Anxiety Disorders • Biological factors • Genetic predisposition, anxiety sensitivity • GABA circuits in the brain • Conditioning and learning • Acquired through classical conditioning or observational learning • Maintained through operant conditioning • Cognitive factors • Judgments of perceived threat • Personality • Neuroticism • Stress—a precipitator

  9. Clinical Syndromes: Somatoform Disorders • Somatization Disorder • Conversion Disorder • Hypochondriasis • Etiology • Reactive autonomic nervous system • Personality factors • Cognitive factors • The sick role

  10. Clinical Syndromes: Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative amnesia • Dissociative fugue • Dissociative identity disorder • Etiology • severe emotional trauma during childhood • Controversy • Media creation?

  11. Clinical Syndromes: Mood Disorders • Major depressive disorder • Dysthymic disorder • Bipolar disorder • Cyclothymic disorder • Etiology • Genetic vulnerability • Neurochemical factors • Cognitive factors • Interpersonal roots • Precipitating stress

  12. Clinical Syndromes: Mood Disorders • Etiology • Genetic vulnerability • Neurochemical factors • Cognitive factors • Interpersonal roots • Precipitating stress

  13. Clinical Syndromes: Schizophrenia • General symptoms • Major Symptoms • Irrational thought • Deterioration of adaptive behavior • Distorted perception • Disturbed emotion • Prognostic factors

  14. Subtyping of Schizophrenia • 4 subtypes • Paranoid type • Catatonic type • Disorganized type • Undifferentiated type • New model for classification • Positive vs. negative symptoms

  15. Etiology of Schizophrenia • Genetic vulnerability • Neurochemical factors • Structural abnormalities of the brain • The neurodevelopmental hypothesis • Expressed emotion • Precipitating stress

  16. Personality Disorders • Anxious-fearful cluster • Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive • Dramatic-impulsive cluster • Histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial • Odd-eccentric cluster • Schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid • Etiology • Genetic predispositions, inadequate socialization in dysfunctional families

  17. Psychological Disorders and the Law • Insanity • M’naghten rule • Involuntary commitment • danger to self • danger to others • in need of treatment

  18. Culture and Pathology • Cultural variations • Culture bound disorders • Koro • Windigo • Anorexia nervosa

More Related