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Review PN 131

Review PN 131. FINAL EXAM Cardiovascular Nursing. Multiple Choice. Though not performed as much any more, a “positive Homan’s” sign would be significant for: A. venous insufficiency B. arterial spasms C. deep vein thrombosis D. arterial aneurysm. Multiple Choice.

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Review PN 131

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  1. Review PN 131 FINAL EXAM Cardiovascular Nursing

  2. Multiple Choice • Though not performed as much any more, a “positive Homan’s” sign would be significant for: • A. venous insufficiency • B. arterial spasms • C. deep vein thrombosis • D. arterial aneurysm

  3. Multiple Choice • One of the most common complications of DVT is: • A. venous stasis ulcer • B. DIC coagulation disorder • C. Embolism – esp. pulmonary • D. All of the above

  4. Multiple Response • Nursing management of a patient with DVT includes which of the following: • A. Measuring the circumference of lower leg(s) • B. Assess for s/sx of embolus • C. Vital signs – measure and monitor • D. Assess circulation to lower extremity (ies)

  5. True or False • The lymph system is a subdivision of the cardiovascular system.

  6. Multiple Response • Blood and lymph perform two of the body’s most important functions. These are: • A. Transportation • B. Structure • C. Protection • D. Purification, filtering

  7. Multiple Response • Which of the following would be included in a nursing assessment of Arterial and Venous circulation? • A. Sensation • B. Edema • C. Capillary Refill time • D. Temperature

  8. Multiple Choice • What is the first tool established to diagnose Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)? • A. Ankle-brachial Index • B. Magnetic Resonance Angiography • C. A standardized physical examination • D. Doppler studies

  9. Multiple Choice • An ankle-brachial index reading of <.90 would indicate: • A. Good blood flow to affected extremity • B. No blood flow to affected extremity • C. A “positive” for impaired circulation to affected extremity • D. Poor RBC reading

  10. Multiple Choice • Impaired circulation to the extremities is most commonly caused by: • A. Trauma • B. Atherosclerosis process • C. Diabetes • D. Nerve Damage

  11. Multiple Response • “Blood cells” consist of which of the following: • A. Lymph cells • B. White Blood Cells • C. Platelets • D. Red Blood cells

  12. True or False • Erythropoiesis is the process of making red blood cells.

  13. True or False • Folic acid is needed for hemoglobin production.

  14. True or False • Iron, folic acid, and Vitamin B12 are needed for RBC production.

  15. Multiple Response • There are approximately 500-600 lymph nodes in the human body. Which of the following describe their function? • A. Produce RBC’s • B. Filter impurities from the lymph system • C. Produce WBC’s • D. Make intrinsic factor

  16. Multiple Response • From the list below, identify the items that are considered “lymphatic tissue”: • A. Thyroid Gland • B. Tonsils • C. Spleen • D. Thymus gland

  17. Multiple Choice • Which lymphatic tissue develops the immune system before birth and during the neonatal period? • A. Tonsils • B. Thyroid gland • C. Thymus gland • D. Spleen

  18. Multiple Choice • This lymphatic tissue plays an important role in the development of T-Lymphocytes from stem cells: • A. Thyroid gland • B. Hypothalamus • C. Spleen • D. Thymus gland

  19. Multiple Response • Elevated blood lipids contribute to coronary artery disease. These lipids include: • A. Lipoproteins • B. Aminoproteins • C. Cholesterol • D. Triglycerides

  20. Multiple Choice • Lipoproteins are grouped and named according to their protein, fat, and cholesterol content. The feature that is common to all groups to one degree or another is: • A. Density • B. Structure • C. Acidity • D. Fluidity

  21. True/False • “High” density refers to those lipoproteins that have a higher protein content and lower fat content.

  22. Multiple Response • Three types of lipoprotein are found in the liver and are significant in relation to heart disease. Identify them below: • A. VLDL • B. LDL • C. VLTL • D. HDL

  23. Multiple Choice • The term “claudication” describes : • A. pain and the pain process in a lower extremity affected by peripheral artery disease • B. Circulation to a lower extremity affected by PAD • C. Mobility to a leg with poor circulation • D. An ABI of > 95

  24. Multiple Choice • Critical Limb Ischemia refers to: • A. Pain in a lower leg when a person with PAD is up walking • B. Pain in a lower leg confined to the muscles that is relieved when at rest • C. Pain at rest, a non-healing wound, or gangrene • D. Paralysis of the lower extremities

  25. Multiple Response • When arteries are blocked and prevent oxygen and nutrients from reaching the lower extremities, revascularization options can be started. These may include: • A. Stent placement • B. Embolectomy • C. Debridement under anesthesia • D. Femoropopliteal Bypass Graft

  26. Multiple Response • After Surgical revascularization, the nurse has a key role in assessment of the surgical limb and reporting early s/sx of circulatory impairment. Nursing interventions would include: • A. Monitor the VS • B. Assess the 5 p’s • C. Check operative site • D. Report s/sx bleeding or infection

  27. Multiple Choice • Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease) is characterized by inflammation and thrombosis of small and medium arteries. There is a strong correlation between this disease and: • A. Family history of PAD • B. Family history of Diabetes • C. Heavy smokers • D. Heavy drinkers

  28. Multiple Response • When any disease process causes decreased perfusion to distal parts of the body – eg. Hands, feet – typical symptoms include: • A. Coolness, pallorof affected part • B. Ulceration • C. Necrosis of skin • D. Immobility

  29. True/False • Normal range for RBC’s for males is: 4.7-6.1 and for females is: 4.2 – 5.4

  30. Multiple Choice • Hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (HCT) are two lab values frequently used to measure red blood cell status. Hemoglobin measures the ____ and Hematocrit measures the _______. • A. Nitrogen carrying capacity; sedimentation rate • B. Carbon monoxide level; carbon dioxide level • C. Oxygen carrying capacity; packed cell volume of RBCs. • D. Clotting factors; coagulation time

  31. Other • What is the normal range each for HCT and Hgb for: • Male: __________ and Female:___________ • Male: __________ and Female: ___________

  32. Multiple Choice • Platelets are involved with _________ of blood. • A. Lysis • B. Viscosity • C. Clotting • D. Purifying

  33. Multiple Choice • Normal values for platelets are: • A. 18,000-25,000 • B. 50,000 – 75,000 • C. 100,000 – 140,000 • D. 150,000 – 400,000

  34. Other • Name the 4 Blood Types of the human body.

  35. Multiple Choice • Located on the surface of RBCs is a substance called: • A. Allergen x • B. Allergen y • C. Rh factor • D. Intrinsic Factor

  36. Multiple Choice • If a person has the Rh factor, he/she is said to be “positive”; if he/she does not have the factor, the person is “negative”. When an Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood, _________ develop within 2 weeks. • A. Allergenic reaction • B. Antibodies • C. Rash • D. Anaphylaxis

  37. Other • Which blood type, including the Rh factor, is the universal donor? • Which blood type, including the Rh factor is the universal receiver?

  38. Other • A woman who is Rh Negative who just delivered a baby who is Rh positive, should have and intramuscular or IV injection of ______ to desensitize the antibodies.

  39. Multiple Choice • A condition caused by severe dehydration or extreme blood loss (1000 ml or>) is known as: • A. Iron-deficiency anemia • B. Aplastic Anemia • C. Hypovolemic Shock • D. Polycythemia Vera

  40. Multiple Response • Nursing interventions for a patient who has experienced hypovolemic shock and is now stable includes: • A. Frequent Vital signs with observation of trend • B. Frequent observation of bleeding site • C. Assess for s/sx recurrence of bleeding • D. Rehydration – manage IV infusion

  41. Other • List 3 significant symptoms that someone is experiencing hypovolemic shock.

  42. Other • Anemia is characterized by low Hgb and HCT. This causes delivery of an insufficient supply of _______ and ______ to the cells.

  43. Multiple Choice • The Coombs’ Test is a diagnostic test for anemia. A positive Coombs indicates: • A. The presence of autoantibodies against RBCs • B. The absence of any autoimmune isoenzymes • C. The presence of a glycoprotein known as intrinsic factor – destructive of RBCs • D. The absence of aminoproteins which protect RBCs

  44. Multiple Response • Among the general signs and symptoms of anemia there are 5 key ones. Identify the three that are listed below: • A. Dyspnea on Exertion • B. Palpitations (tachycardia) • C. Sweating • D. Dizziness (vertigo)

  45. Multiple Choice • Vitamin B12 is needed for the maturation of RBCs. When not enough of this vitamin is available, a condition known as ________ develops. • A. Pernicious Anemia • B. Iron-deficiency Anemia • C. Aplastic Anemia • D. Sickle-cell Anemia

  46. Multiple Choice • In pernicious anemia, there is an absence of a glycoprotein, ________, that is usually secreted by the stomach to assist in the body’s absorption of Vitamin B12. • A. aminoprotein • B. Intrinsic factor • C. Extrinsic factor • D. Rh Factor

  47. Multiple Response • Treatment of Pernicious anemia is life-long – often with injections of B12. Client teaching by the nurse includes which of the following: • A. How to give the injection if able • B. Why vitamin B12 is important to their health • C. Importance of compliance • D. Stop taking the injection if s/sx of influenza or upper respiratory infection

  48. Multiple Choice • Iron-deficiency anemia if often the result of extrinsic factors such as insufficient diet intake of iron; chronic bleeding; the body’s demands exceed its absorption, and malabsorption syndromes. Signs and symptoms include: • A. Sore swollen tongue • B. PICA • C. Blisters on feet • D. A and B

  49. Multiple Choice • Iron replacement in iron-deficiency anemia may include iron injections. These are given intramuscularly by a _______ technique. • A. Deep • B. Slow • C. Shallow • D. Z-track

  50. Multiple Choice • __________ is characterized by intermittent arterial spasms causing ischemia to the periphery. These are usually precipitated by cold or emotional stimuli. • A. Buerger’s Disease • B. Raynaud’s Disease • C. COPD • D. Polycythemia vera

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