Download
1 / 25
250 likes | 252 Vues
Explore the history of slavery in the Americas, from its beginnings in the 15th century to its abolition in the 19th century. Discover the global scale and scope of the slave trade, who conducted slavery, and the various justifications used to support it. Uncover the arguments put forth by European philosophers and scientists, as well as the role of religion and tradition in perpetuating slavery. Gain insights into the impact of slavery on democracy as a form of government.
E N D
Slavery • What were the scale and scope of slavery in the Americas? • Who conducted slavery, and where in the Americas was slavery practiced? • How was slavery justified? • How does slavery relate to democracy as a form of government?
When did slavery begin in the Americas? • Portugalbegan capturing Africans as slaves during its conquests in the 1440s • Pope Nicholas Vgave Christians permission to enslave non-Christians in the Bull Dum Diversas of 1452 “We grant you [Kings of Spain and Portugal] by these present documents, with our Apostolic Authority, full and free permission to invade, search out, capture, and subjugate the Saracens and pagans and any other unbelievers and enemies of Christ wherever they may be, as well as their kingdoms, duchies, counties, principalities, and other property [...] and to reduce their persons into perpetual servitude. “ • Spain began importing African slaves to its Caribbean colonies in the 1502. • England began importing slaves to its east coast colonies in 1619.
Colonial Slavery in the Americas Virtually all European imperial powers brought slaves to their colonies in the Americas. Virtually all sections of colonial South, Central, and North America practiced slavery.
Slavery in the U.S.A.1860 ALL STATES cooperated with and enabled slavery.
Abolition of Slavery in the Americas • 1803-Upper Canada • 1804-Haiti • 1808-U.S importation • 1821-Ecuador • 1823-Chile • 1829-Mexico • 1831-Bolivia • 1824-Central America • 1842-Uruguay • 1851-Columbia • 1853-Argentina • 1854-Peru, Venezuela • 1863-U.S. (partial) • 1865-U.S. • 1873-Puerto Rico • 1886-Cuba • 1888-Brazil
How did Europeans and Americans Debate Massive African Slavery? What did you learn from your research?
John Calhoun • George Fitzhugh • Thomas Paine • Benjamin Banneker to Jefferson • Jefferson to Banneker
TraditionAs Justification for Slavery Slavery had been practiced universally throughout history • Ancient Greece • Ancient Egypt • Ancient China • Roman Empire • Middle Eastern Empires • Mayan & Aztec Empires • European Kingdoms
ReligionAs Justification for Slavery • The Christian Bible contains numerous approving references to slavery. • The Pope, in the Bull Dum Diversas of 1452 gave Christians permission to enslave non-Christians. • The Christian “Doctrine of Discovery” or “Doctrine of Conquest” explicitly approved of slavery.
Philosophy & ScienceAs Justification for Slavery Historically, slavery had been considerd simply as a by-product of war. From the 16th-20th Centuries, Philosophy and Science were used to associate slavery with the superiority and inferiority of human groups, and with race.
“Great Chain of Being” Ancient Greeks • Life forms can be organized in a hierarchical order • Higher life forms are superior to lower life forms • Lower life forms serve and are used by higher life forms
Medieval Expressions of The Great Chain of Being “Humans” were still a single category
17th-18th CenturiesWhere Should the “Human Line” Be Drawn? Slavery morally problematic Slavery morally justified
18th CenturyHierarchy of Human Types Biological superiority and inferiority within the human category between races was established.
18th & 19th CenturiesRace and Psycho-Social Patterns • 1. Americanus. Native American males were supposedly red; had black hair and sparse beards; were stubborn; prone to anger; "free"; and governed by traditions. Thus, this form of Homo sapiens was definitely inferior and uncivilized. • 2. Asiaticus. The male Asian was said to be "yellowish, melancholy, endowed with black hair and brown eyes...severe, conceited, and stingy. He puts on loose clothing. He is governed by opinion." Thus, like the aforementioned type of Homo sapiens, the Asiaticus could only be a mediocre prototype. • 3. Africanus. The male of this subset, according to Linnaeus, could be recognized by his skin tone, face structure, and curly hair. This kind was apparently cunning, passive, and inattentive, and ruled by impulse. The female of this kind was also apparently shameless, because "they lactate profusely.” • 4. Europeaus. The males of this subset were supposedly "changeable, clever, and inventive. He puts on tight clothing. He is governed by laws.” • Therefore, being the most civilized of the Homo sapiens, the Europeaus was obviously the most superior type in Carolus Linnaeus's view Biological differences were connected to psychological and cultural differences to identify superior and inferior races.
Slaves as Sub-human Property • " The slave, being personal chattel, is at all times liable to be sold absolutely, or mortgaged or leased, at the will of his master.” (S. Carolina) • “…be itenacted and declared by this Grand Assembly if any slave resists his master . . . and by the extremity of the correction should chance to die, that his death shall not be accounted a felony, but the master (or that other person appointed by the master to punish him) be acquitted from molestation, since it cannot be presumed that premeditated malice (which alone makes murder a felony) should induce any man to destroy his own estate. “ (Virginia) • Mr. WIGFALL, the new Senator from Texas, in one of his recent speeches in the Senate, said he denied that "we at the South do not draw any distinction between slaves and any other property. We ask simply," said he, "that that property shall be put upon the same footing as every other species of property, to the same extent as lands, horses, mules and hogs. We ask that, and we ask nothing more." (Texas)
