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Hitler's Steps to World War II: Austria to France

This text discusses the steps Hitler took to achieve his goal of creating a Third Reich, from adding Austria and the Sudetenland to invading Poland and France, leading to the start of World War II. The text also touches on the Phony War period and Hitler's failed attempt to add England to his conquests.

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Hitler's Steps to World War II: Austria to France

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  1. Chapter 16 Section 2 NotesHitler’s GoalLebenstraum to begin a 3rd Reich

  2. 1st Step = Add Austria • The country of Austria was created at the end of WWI • Most people living there were Germans • Wanted to be unified with Germany • Occurred on March 13th, 1938. No fighting. • U.S. and League of Nations did nothing A German soldier warmly received in Austria

  3. 2nd Step = Add Sudetenland • Mountainous area along border of Germany in Western Czechoslovakia • a lot of German speaking people • Uses mediato get public behind military action • Says the Czech govt. is abusing these people • Hitler announces his intention to occupy it • Czech govt. doesn’t want to give it up • Potential problem with France & England • Hitler agrees to a meeting

  4. Munich Agreement • Hitler & Mussolini meet with leaders of France (Daladier)and England (Chamberlain) • Occurred in German city • promises to not add any more land after this. • The 2 men agree to not take any action. • Neither country wants to mess with Hitler • Sudedenland addedon Sept. 30th, 1938. • No fighting. • Example of appeasement • Giving up principles to keep out of war • Winston Churchill • future Prime Minister of England • opposed this. N E V I L L E

  5. Churchill’s Quote: “Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will get war soon.”

  6. 3rd Step = Add rest of Czechoslovakia • Hitler broke Munich Agreement • Occurred less than 6 months later • No fighting. • France & England feel stupid • War is inevitable… just a matter of time German troops march in to Czechoslovakia

  7. 4th Step = Add Poland • A lot of German speaking people here • Used press like he did with Sudetenland to get support • Different from 1st 3 steps. Why? • Hitler realized this would probably cause war • Poland is a big country and could fight back • England & France had alliance with Poland • Soviets would think they were next • Didn’t want to fight a 2 front war like in WWI Anti-Polish Propaganda In Germany Before the Invasion

  8. Nonaggression pact with Russia • Signed on Aug. 23rd, 1939 • Hitler and Stalin sign • Agreed to never attack each other • Germany agreed to divide country of Poland with Russia after invasion

  9. Invasion of Poland(Sep. 1st 1939) • UsedBlitzkrieg (lightening war)tactics to surprise enemy • Luftwaffe (air force) drops a bunch of bombs all over the country • targets cities, rails, airfields • Tanks deployed at same time in coordinated attack • England & France declare war Sept. 3rd, 1939 • This is official start of WWII • Not enough time to mobilize armies to help Poland • Germany defeats Polandin less than a month • Adds Western half • Eastern half goes to Soviet Union

  10. 5th Step = Phony War (waiting game) • French and British troops waited for invasion at Maginot Line • Trenches and forts inside France’s eastern border • German troops waited at Siegfried Line • Same thing a couple miles inside German border, parallel M. Line For the better part of 6 months (late 1939 – mid 1940), both sides stayed in their trenches, occasionally bombed the other, but didn't engage in any major conflicts.

  11. Soviet Union adds more land • Already had added part of Poland • Adds Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) • Minimal resistance. Permission from Germany (n-a pact) • Adds part of Finland too • More resistance – battle lasts 4 months. Soviets look bad. Germany notices • Way more detail on website.Part of why other Allies didn’t like Soviets

  12. 6th Step = Add Denmark and Norway • Denmark surrendered on 1st day of battle (April 7th, 1940) • Norway took roughly 2 months to fall • Used as bases for future invasion of England

  13. 7th Step = add Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg • Began Early May, 1940. Lasts a couple weeks • Why? = to go around strong parts of Maginot Line • England and France thought Ardennes Mountains would be impassable by German tanks • They were wrong

  14. 8th Step = Add France • German tanks and planes push forward and surround British, French, and Belgium troops at Dunkirk • Over 300,000 retreat across the English Channel by boat • Important for recapturing France 4 years later • German forces push from the north to the south • Italy enters the war and invades France from the south, pushing northward • France officially controlled by Germany (June 22nd, 1940) • Charles de Gaulle • Takes control of French govt. after retreat to England Fall of Belgium, Netherlands, Dunkirk, and France

  15. Retreating from Dunkirk

  16. The Fall of Paris

  17. 9th Step = Attempt to add England • Winston Churchillin charge now (May, 1940) • Battle of Britain • German & British navies battle in English Channel • About evenly matched • German & British air forces battle (mostly over England) • Lots of damage to cities, especially London

  18. People staying in subway tunnels during bombing

  19. Much of England destroyed Bombing and Fires Constant for Several Months

  20. Royal Air Forceuses radar (new)to eventually gain advantage • Hitler calls off full scale invasionby end of October • Planes still bomb England though • Some bombing to German cities too • More later when U.S. and Russia involved

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