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The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire. A History . Origins - 1453. Turkic Migrations into Middle East Osman’s People Ottoman Expansion Ottoman Interregnum Taking of Constantinople. 1453-1683. Strong Sultans: 1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror) Captured Constantinople

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The Ottoman Empire

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  1. The Ottoman Empire A History

  2. Origins - 1453 • Turkic Migrations into Middle East • Osman’s People • Ottoman Expansion • Ottoman Interregnum • Taking of Constantinople

  3. 1453-1683 • Strong Sultans: • 1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror) Captured Constantinople • 1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt. • 1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa • 1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans • 1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.

  4. 1453-1683 • Strong Sultans: • 1444-1481: Mehmet II (The Conqueror) Captured Constantinople • 1481-1512: Bayezit II (The Just) Consolidated And Strengthened the Empire, defeated a major revolt. • 1512-1520: Selim I (The Steadfast) First Caliph: Doubled the Empire’s size, mostly in Asia and Africa • 1520-1566: Suleyman I (The Magnificent) Expanded Empire into much of the Balkans • 1566-1683: Nine different Sultans. Mostly weak.

  5. Notable Events In addition to an era of military expansion, interesting cultural aspects of the Empire were developing. • 1465: Completion of Topkapi palace in Istanbul, seat of Ottoman Power. • 1492: Bayezit II makes a point of welcoming Jews exiled by Spain to Istanbul. • 1547: Hapsburg leader Ferdinand recognizes Ottoman rule in Hungary • 1648-1656: Sultanate of Women

  6. Turning Point • September 1683, Ottoman army once again laid siege to Vienna, troubling time for German princes who also had to confront Louis XIV on the Rhine. • Jan Sobieski, King of Poland came to the aid of Vienna, sought diversion from internal disputes with nobility. • Rode out upon Ottoman encampment, captured huge amounts of material supplies, symbolic tokens and “Veni, Vidi, Deus Vicit” • *Spoiler Alert* Led to 1699 Peace of Carlowitz.

  7. 1683 - 1783 • Military defeat and Political reorganization • Defeat came on three fronts—the Balkans against the Hapsburgs, the Black Sea against the Russians, and the East against the Safavid Empire

  8. Balkans • “Great Turkish War of 1683-1697 • Vienna, 1683 • Mohacs, 1687 • Slankamen, 1691 • Zenta, 1697 • Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699 • Treaty of Passarowitz, 1718

  9. Black Sea • Azov, 1695 • Treaty of Constantinople, 1700 • Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 • Crimea Annexed, 1783

  10. Central Asia • Loss of Azerbaijan, 1723-1736

  11. 1783 - 1856 • Ottoman Military reforms • Treaties vs. Actively seeking conflict • The Serbian Revolution and other independence movements • Tanzimat Period • Crimean War

  12. 1856 - 1878 • 1856- Treaty of Paris • 1877- Russo-Turkish War • 1878- Treaty of San Stefano • 1878- Congress of Berlin

  13. The Balkans and Italy • 1893- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was founded • 1895-1897 – External Organization/ IMRO begin guerilla warfare • 1911- Tripolitanian War • 1912– Balkan Wars

  14. World War I and End of Empire • 1914 – World War I begins • 1915-1916 – Armenian Massacre • 1916--Battle of Gallipoli • 1920—Treaty of Sevres • 1922—Most Greeks in Anatolian fled leaving only Turks • 1923/1924—Sultanate and then Caliphate were abolished

  15. The Ottoman Legacy

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