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Fiber-optical analogue of the event horizon. Title. Experiment: · Friedrich K ö nig Christopher Kuklewicz Stephen Hill. Theory: Ulf Leonhardt Thomas Philbin Scott Robertson. www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~qinfo. Contents. Introduction. Frequency shifts at event horizons.

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  1. Fiber-optical analogue of the event horizon Title Experiment: · Friedrich König Christopher Kuklewicz Stephen Hill Theory: Ulf Leonhardt Thomas Philbin Scott Robertson www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~qinfo

  2. Contents Introduction Frequency shifts at event horizons Experimental observation of frequency shifts at event horizons The analogue Hawking effect in fibers

  3. Horizons in moving media Illustration: Peter Hoey, Science 319, 1321 (2008)

  4. Hydraulic jump Photo: Piotr Pieranski

  5. Time reversal W. G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. Lett.46, 1351 (1981) Illustration: Scientific American

  6. Time reversal White hole analogue Black hole analogue

  7. Hawking radiation: connections S. M. Hawking, Nature 248, 30 (1974) • Analogue systems are key to the • observation of Hawking-type radiation • Optical analogues possible?

  8. Horizons in moving media P = e0 c(z-u t) E Probe light ‘sees’ a moving medium of index dn inside a medium of index n

  9. Horizons in moving media: trajectories

  10. Horizons in moving media: trajectories

  11. Choice of medium: optical fiber

  12. Fiber optical horizons: requirements • Stable pulses -> solitons • Narrowband probe light at a frequency different from soliton • Highly nonlinear fiber Optical Pushbroom: C. N. de Sterke, Opt. Lett. 17, 914 (1992) N. G. R. Broderick et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 4566 (1997) Pulse trapping: N. Nishizawa et al., Opt. Lett. 27, 152 (2002) A. Efimov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 ,213902, (2005) A. V. Gorbach et al., Nature Photonics1, 653 (2007)

  13. Fiber properties and group velocity Fiber NLPM 750 B Measurements by: A. Podlipensky and P. Russell, Erlangen, Germany (dotted line) Crystal Fiber A/S (red line)

  14. Artificial horizons: experimental apparatus

  15. Blue shifting at the white hole Th. Philbin, Ch. Kuklewicz, S. Robertson, S. Hill, F. König, U. Leonhardt Science319, 5868, pp. 1367 – 1370 (2008)

  16. Hawking radiation: outlook

  17. Hawking radiation: few-cycle pulses Few-cycle pulses from modelocked lasers undergo self-steepening inside the fiber:

  18. Summary Optical pulses in fibers form media moving at the speed of light. At turning points analogue event horizons are formed that lead to frequency shifts. This system is promising for the generation of the analogue of Hawking radiation.

  19. Thank you! FK For more information: fewk@st-andrews.ac.uk or go to www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~qinfo or google for black hole and fiber

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