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Edge Effects and Carbon Sequestration in the Mata Atlântica   

Edge Effects and Carbon Sequestration in the Mata Atlântica   . Allie Schwartz SEE-U Brazil Summer 2011 Session 1. Introduction: Atmospheric Carbon. “ Business as usual ” projection Carbon Sequestration ( Zhiliang 2009) Statistics ( Kerkam 2004) Edge Effects?.

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Edge Effects and Carbon Sequestration in the Mata Atlântica   

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  1. Edge Effects and Carbon Sequestration in the Mata Atlântica    Allie Schwartz SEE-U Brazil Summer 2011 Session 1

  2. Introduction: Atmospheric Carbon • “Business as usual”projection • Carbon Sequestration (Zhiliang 2009) • Statistics(Kerkam 2004) • Edge Effects? Image: (Romm, 2007)

  3. Image from U.S. Climate Change Science Program

  4. Introduction: Edge Effects • What is an “edge effect”(Murcia 1995) • Sustainability • Fragmentation (Tabarelli 1999) Image: National Agroforestry Center

  5. Question • Do Edge Effects significantly affect the ability of trees to sequester Carbon above-ground in the Mata Atlântica of Brazil?

  6. Hypothesis • H0: There is not a statistically significant difference in the above ground carbon levels between the edge, the midway range, and the middle of the forest. • Ha: There is a statistically significant differencein the above ground carbon levels between the edge of the forest, the midway range, and the middle of the forest.

  7. Methods • 3 transects, 3 separate roads • 3 plots per transect(10m X 10m) • Random number chart • Stratification method • Circumference • Diameter Road1 Road 2 Road 3

  8. Methods • Diameter Formula • y= 34.4703-8.0671 D+0.6589 D2(MacDicken 1997) • C= Biomass / 2, (Malikian 2008) • Formula limitations • Sum of Circumference • Per each plot • Per distance • Data Analysis

  9. Data

  10. Data Continued Data is not overall statistically significant ANOVA test p (location)= 0.10 p (distance from edge) = 0.25 Paired T-test for means (alpha and gamma) p=0.32 T-test for means (total) p(α and γ)=0.38 p(β and γ)=0.41 p(α and β)=0.90 T-test for means (by transect)  significance?

  11. Summary Data Total Above-Ground Carbon (kg/100m2) *Outlier in data P-values from T-test for Significance within each Transect:

  12. Discussion • No significant difference in the ability of trees to sequester carbon above-ground between the edge, the midpoint, and the middle of the forest • Present day efforts (MacDicken 1997) • Limitations(Murcia 1995) • Repetition of Experiment Significant Results? • Sources of Error

  13. Sources of Error • Tree Size • Storm • Outliers • Lack of a Team • Hindsight

  14. Future Studies • Test average Carbon Per Tree • Different Forest Types • Differently affected areas of forest Anthropogenic effects

  15. Summary • Edge effects on carbon sequestration • No statistical evidence that there is any effect of edges on ability of trees to sequester carbon in the Mata Atlântica • Experimentation methods • Sources of error

  16. References • Keith H., Barrett D. and Keenan R. 2000. Review of allometric relationships for estimating woody biomass for New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia. The Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra. • Kerkam, C. 2004. The Disappearing Forests of Brazil and Paraguay. http://www.parksinperil.org/files/atlantic_forest_overview.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2011. • MacDicken, K.G. 1997. A Guide to Monitoring Carbon Storage in Forestry and Agroforestry Projects. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development. Forest Carbon Monitoring Program. http://202.99.63.183/tanhui/thjl/Winrock%20International%20碳监测指南.pdf Accessed 20 June 2011. • Malikian, Claudia. “A Case Study of Carbon Sequestration of Eucalyptus versus Mata Atlantica in Nazare Paulista”See-U Program, 2008. • Murcia, Carolina. 1995. Edge Effects in Fragmented Forests: Implications for Conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10.2: 58-62. Science Direct. Web. 28 May 2011.

  17. National Agroforestry Center. Conservation Buffers. www.unl.edu/nac/bufferguidelines/guidelines/2_biodiversity/10.html. Accessed 22 June 2011.   • Tabarelli, M. and Waldir M., and Peres, C. 1999. Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Plant Guild Structure in the Montane Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 91.2-3 119-27. Science Direct. 18 Oct. 1999. Web. 28 May 2011.  • U.S. Climate Change Science Program. 2003. Carbon Cycle. www.climatescience.gov/Library/stratplan2003/final/ccspstratplan2003-chap7.htm. Accessed 22 June 2011.   • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Future Climate Change. www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/futuretc.html. Accessed 20 June 2011.   • Zhu, and Zhiliang and Stackpoole 2009. USGS Fact Sheet 2009-3102. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3102/. Accessed 28 May 2011.

  18. Obrigada! Thank you to Tim, Christiane and Tiago for your help, and to Kate and John for helping me take samples!

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