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Taxonomy

Taxonomy. By: Asiah Edwards . Taxonomy. The science of classification Kingdom, Phylum: Subphylum, Superclass, Class: Subclass, Superorder, Order: Suborder, Superfamily, Family: Subfamily, Genesis: Subgenus, Species: Subspecies. Binomial Nomenclature.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy By: Asiah Edwards

  2. Taxonomy • The science of classification • Kingdom, Phylum: Subphylum, Superclass, Class: Subclass, Superorder, Order: Suborder, Superfamily, Family: Subfamily, Genesis: Subgenus, Species: Subspecies.

  3. Binomial Nomenclature • The two name system for identifying organisms developed by C. Linnaeus. • The binomial nomenclature for humans is Homo sapiens.

  4. Common Names • Terms that differ in different regions and can add to confusion when trying to identify organisms. • Blue Crab

  5. Kingdom • Kingdom is a taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups called phyla or divisions for plants. Considered the highest rank in Taxonomy. • Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia.

  6. Phylum • The primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that have the same body plan. • An example would be the phylum Arthropods also known as insects.

  7. Class • The usual major subdivision of a phylum or division in the classification of organisms, usually consisting of several orders. • An example of class would be Mammalia.

  8. Order • A taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, generally below the class, and comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature or character. • The horse, rhinoceros, and tapir families are grouped in the order Perissodactyla.

  9. Family • A taxonomic rank in the classification of organisms between genus and order. • Hummingbirds are usually grouped in the family Trochilidae.

  10. Genus • A taxonomic rank that includes group(s) of species that are structurally similar or phylogenetically related. • Homo is the genus for humans.

  11. Species • The lowest taxonomic rank and the most basic unit or category of biological classification. • sapiens is the species classification for humans.

  12. Scientific Name • The Genus and species name assigned to one organism; usually Latin. • The scientific name for the black footed ferret is Mustelanigripes.

  13. Aristotle • Greek philosopher who developed a crude classification that separated organisms based on where they lived. • Aristotle created the first classification system over 2000 years ago

  14. Linnaeus • Scientist who developed the system of classification still in use today using seven taxons and binomial nomenclature. • Linnaeus was the one who thought to use binomial names putting the genus first and the species last.

  15. Evolutionary Classification • Scientists determine an organisms evolutionary history by looking at gene sequence similarities in its DNA and RNA as well as looking at its physical characteristics. • The eagle and the crane are related to the Archaeopteryx.

  16. DNA/rna • Nucleic acids in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that controls growth, development and maintenance of organisms; comparisons of DNA and RNA are used to determine how closely related organisms are. • Your DNA helps to give you certain traits like black hair or green eyes.

  17. Cladogram • A diagram developed to show evolutionary relationships based on derived characteristics.

  18. Cladistic Analysis • Scientists determine an organisms evolutionary history by looking at gene sequence similarities in its DNA and RNA as well as looking at its physical characteristics.

  19. Molecular Clock • DNA comparisons in 2 species can compare how dissimilar the genes are; This dissimilarity indicates how long the 2 species shared a common ancestor.

  20. Neutral Mutations • Unpredictable changes in DNA that produce variations that have no apparent affect on the success or fitness of an organism.

  21. Derived Characters • Changes that develop in organisms that are different from their ancestors. • Using your right hand when you’re left handed.

  22. Archaea • Prokaryotic Archaeabacteria that can survive unusually harsh environments.

  23. Bacteria • Prokaryotic Eubacteria such as streptococci and E.coli.

  24. Eukarya • Includes 4 kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms: Protist, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

  25. Archaebacteria • Ancient forms of bacteria that survive extreme heat, acidity, or salinity or even methane. • The crenarchaeota is a type of Archaebacteria.

  26. Eubacteria • Slightly more advanced bacteria found in three common shapes: bacilli, cocci, and spirilla; range from mutualistic and beneficial forms to extremely deadly parasitic forms.

  27. Protista • Mostly unicellular either photosynthetic or heterotrophic organisms.

  28. fungi • Mostly multicellular heterotrophic plant-like organisms with cell walls made out of chitin

  29. Plantae • Multicellular autotrophic plants with cellulose cell walls.

  30. Animalia • Multicellular heterotrophic organism having no cell wall and most with some form of sensory/nerve conduction.

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