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Chapter 26

Chapter 26. Drug Abuse. Drug Abuse. Drug abuse is defined as the use of drugs for nonmedical purposes, usually with the intent of altering consciousness. Both prescription and nonprescription drugs can be abused. 2. Drug Abuse.

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Chapter 26

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  1. Chapter 26 Drug Abuse

  2. Drug Abuse • Drug abuse is defined as the use of drugs for nonmedical purposes, usually with the intent of altering consciousness. • Both prescription and nonprescription drugs can be abused. 2

  3. Drug Abuse • Psychological dependence is defined as a state of mind in which a person believes that he or she is unable to function without a specific drug. • Physical dependence is defined as the altered physiologic state that results from constantly increasing drug concentrations. • Physical dependence is determined to exist when the person experiences withdrawal symptoms during drug discontinuation. 3

  4. Drug Abuse • Tolerance is defined as the need for dose increases in order to achieve the desired effect or if the same dose produces a diminished effect. • In persons that have addiction issues there is dependence and a desire to continue to use the drug. • Habituation is characterized by a desire to continue to use a drug for its effect. 4

  5. Drug Abuse • Who Abuses Drugs? • Anyone can be a drug abuser. • Patients can be drug abusers. • Dental practitioners can be drug abusers. • Dental health care workers should become familiar with the different drugs that are abused as well as their patterns of abuse. • Many patients may present with abuse problems. 5

  6. Drug Abuse • The most commonly abused drugs in the U.S. are alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine. • They are easily abused because they are readily accessible. • Most people do not consider them to be drugs. • Most people consider illegal drugs, opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates as drugs of abuse. 6

  7. Drug Abuse • Managing the Oral Health Care of Drug Abusers • Always check for oral lesions. • Many drug abusers have poor oral hygiene. • Avoid using other controlled substances in these people. • Aspirin and NSAID use may need to be avoided because of the increased risk of GI adverse effects. • Consider the patient’s liver status. 7

  8. Drug Abuse • Managing the Oral Health Care of Drug Abusers • Oftentimes alcoholics have diminished liver capacity and lack vitamin K. They may be at higher risk for continued bleeding. • Dental hygienists are in an ideal position to help in promoting tobacco cessation. • Always check heart rate and blood pressure of known or suspected drug abusers. • Those abusing stimulants may not be able to receive epinephrine because of the increased risk of cardiac toxicity. 8

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