Chapter 26

1. Chapter 26 Lesson 2 Illegal Drugs

2. Lesson 2Psychoactive Drugs • (4) Main Groups of Psychoactive Drugs • 1. Stimulants • 2. Depressants • 3. Narcotics • 4. Hallucinogens • The first (3) have medicinal value when properly used. • Hallucinogens DO NOT! • Let’s look at each of these INDIVIDUALLY

3. 1. Stimulants • The commonly abused stimulants are: • AMPHETAMINES • METHAMPHETAMINES • COCAINE • NICOTINE is also a well known stimulant but it is not illegal.

4. Physical Side Effects of Stimulants • Increased HR and Respiratory Rates. • High Blood Pressure • Dilated Pupils • Decreased Appetite • Sweating • Headaches • Blurred Vision • Dizziness • Shaking and Trembling • Loss of Coordination • Physical Collapse

5. Psychological Side Effects • Moodiness • Restlessness • Anxiety • Hallucinations • Delusions • Paranoia

6. 1) A. Amphetamines • Medical use of Amps has decreased dramatically over the last couple of years. • People use them illegally to: • Stay awake • Alertness • Improve Athletic Performance • Lose Weight • Offset the effects of Depressant Drugs • Temporary Highs

7. Effects of Amps • Getting on them is easy • Getting off of them has some lasting effects with the main concern being DEPRESSION!

8. 1) B. Methamphetamines • This drug has been used medically for Parkinson’s Disease and Obesity. • When used illegally, the drug is called: CRANK SPEED ICE • The drug can cause a person to turn PARANOID or even worse VIOLENT!

9. CRANK, SPEED, or ICE can be made in labs in garages, houses, etc. and it can be snorted, injected or swallowed. • The effects of this drug are LONG LASTING! • Food and Water become unimportant.

13. 1) C. Cocaine • White Powder made from the COCA BUSH which grows in parts of South America. • Its effects can last for 20 minutes to several hours. • Its known as a HIGH/LOW drug with the user feeling an extreme HIGH followed by an extreme LOW.

14. Effects of Cocaine • Malnutrition • Moodiness • Damaged Nasal Passages and Septum • Weight Loss • DEPRESSION • Cardiac Problems (because it is such a fast acting stimulant)

16. 1) C. a. CRACK • This is a form of Cocaine that can be smoked. It comes form ROCKS or LUMPS which is known as FREEBASE. • Crack is so addictive, that a person can become addicted by just smelling the fumes of it even though they are not using it.

18. 2. Depressants • The most commonly abused Depressants: • Alcohol – LEGAL, but ABUSED • Barbiturates – LEGAL, but ABUSED • Tranquilizers – LEGAL, but ABUSED • Methaqualone – LEGAL in some countries, but ABUSED

19. Physical Side Effects of Depressants • Relaxes Muscles • Sleepy • Relieves feelings of worry and tension • Slows heart rate • Slows breathing • Reduces Blood Pressure

20. 2) A. Barbiturates • This belongs to the family of sedative-hypnotic drugs which induce sleep. • Medically, barbiturates are prescribed for acute anxiety, tension and sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines are prescribed for anxiety, acute stress reactions, and panic attacks. When abused, they are swallowed or injected. • People abuse them to counteract the effects of stimulants. • Example: Alcohol/Barbs, Cocaine/Barbs, etc.

21. 2) B. Tranquilizers • Reduces muscular activity, coordination, and attention span. • Barbiturates are prescription sedatives or “sleeping pills” and benzodiazepines are prescription “tranquilizers • Mebaral, Quaaludes, Xanax and Valium (benzodiazepines), Nembutal • Dependence on them is common making the addiction rate high.

22. 2) C. Methaqualone • Was originally prescribed to help with insomnia, but is very rarely used today, especially in the U.S. because of it’s side effects. • People buy them on the “Black Market” • Known for producing temporary euphoria, the feeling does not last making the withdrawal from the drug EXTREMELY UNPLEASANT. • Effects of using the drug include: diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and coma. • Many people die combining this drug with alcohol.

23. 3. Narcotics • The most commonly abused narcotics are morphine, heroin, opium itself, and codeine. • These drugs are called opiates. • Pain is one of the most common reasons people seek medical treatment. Doctors can prescribe several different drugs to relieve pain. The most potent pain-relieving drugs are narcotics. • Drugs made from opium can cause stupor or sleep so deep that they depress respiration where a person can slip off into a coma or even death.

24. 3) A. Morphine • A narcotic compound derived from opium • A powerful narcotic agent that has strong analgesic (pain relief) action and other significant effects on the central nervous system. It is dangerously addicting. • Usually terminal cancer patients use this for severe pain. • It acts as an appetite suppressant, causes severe constipation, and eventually leads to addiction.

25. 3) B. Codeine • Also a Narcotic compound derived from opium. • A weaker cousin to morphine that is usually used in cough medicines to help stop coughing. • Also prescribed for pain after surgeries.

26. 3) C. Heroin • It is made from morphine and had no accepted medical use in the United States. • Depresses the Central Nervous System and slows pulse rate and breathing. • Coma and Death are almost certain with large doses of it. • Pregnant women are at a high risk of having severely deformed or retarded babies if heroin is used during the term.

27. Heroin addicts spread AIDS because they share needles and will shoot those needles anywhere in the body to get the drug into the body: • Under finger and toe nails • Neck • Backs of legs • Between toes and fingers

28. Until recent years heroin was thought to be a drug of the inner cities but now that is farther from the truth. Heroin has spread far out from the inner cities and because of its purity being 10 times greater that it ever has, it has rapidly closed the gap as the drug of choice. Because it is relatively cheap, many teens fall into the trap at an early age of addiction.

30. 4. Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens are also a part of the Narcotic Drug Group • People that suffer from mental disorders such as schizophrenia suffer from hallucinations and have distorted perceptions about the world around them.

31. They may see or hear things that are not really there. • People who use hallucinogenic drugs suffer the same symptoms. • There are (3) commonly abused hallucinogenic narcotics. PCP, LSD, Mescaline.

32. Hallucinogens disrupt the normal functioning of your brain, making it hard to think, communicate and focus on reality. Psychosis, panic attacks and dangerous accidents are all possible risks of taking that one "trip."

33. 4) A. PCP • Phencyclidine is the medical name and is a powerful and dangerous hallucinogen. • IT is considered one of the most dangerous drugs of all drugs. • It makes the user feel detached and distant from their surroundings. • Time seems to pass slowly and body movements slow down.

34. Muscle coordination is impaired and the sensations of touch and pain are dulled. • It is because of this that people that are on this die tragic deaths. • Even though overdoses of PCP can cause deaths, most deaths are associated with strange and destructive behavior. • Users have actually drowned in shallow water because they were so disoriented they could not tell where they were.

35. 4) B. LSD • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, commonly referred to as acid. • It is the most potent of all the mood altering hallucinogens. • LSD comes in tablets, capsule, and sometimes liquid. • It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

36. Many deaths associated with LSD have been when a user actually thinks they can fly or could stopa train by standing in its way or jumping off a building thinking they can fly. • Hallucinations may lead to panic, anxiety or accidental suicides.

37. 4) C. Mescaline • This is the psychoactive ingredient of the peyote cactus. • Like LSD, it can lead to “Bad Trips” or frightening imagined phenomena and may lead to vicious stomach cramps and sudden vomiting.