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Exploring Galilean-Newtonian Relativity and the Foundations of Special Relativity

This chapter delves into the principles of Galilean-Newtonian relativity, emphasizing the concept of inertial reference frames and the relativity principle, which asserts that the laws of physics remain consistent across all such frames. It discusses the historical Michelson-Morley experiment, designed to detect the speed of ether, which notably yielded a null result. Key aspects of special relativity, including the relativity of simultaneity and time dilation, are explored, highlighting that two observers may perceive events differently based on their relative motion.

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Exploring Galilean-Newtonian Relativity and the Foundations of Special Relativity

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  1. Chapter 26 26-1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity Inertial reference frames are realities involved in a problem where one is moving relative to the other. Relativity principle …the basic laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. Objects are always the same length and time and space are considered absolute. Ether was the material that light traveled in.

  2. 26-2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment • …designed to measure the speed of ether. • See boat analogy page 797. • No shift of speeds was detected…the null result.

  3. 26-3 Postulates of Special Relativity • See page 800 for the 2 postulates.

  4. 26-4 Simaltaineity • Time can no longer be an absolute quantity. • Two events that are simultaneous to one observer may not be to another observer.

  5. 26-5 Time Dialation • Clocks moving relative to an observer are measured by that observer to run more slowly as compared to a clock at rest. • See formula for time dilation page 805. • See Example 26-1 and 26-2 page 806.

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