Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area Distributed Computing
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Presentation Transcript
Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area Distributed Computing Mark Baker, Rajkumar Buyya and Domenico Laforenza
Agenda • Overview of Grid • Concerning issues in Grid • Components and Services in Grid • Current Projects and Future • Grid in Multimedia Applications
What is Grid? • In the last decade, the availability of cheap computational resources and high-speed networks leads to an opportunity of using distributed computers as a single, unified computing resources. • This is known as Grid Computing
What is Grid? • The term Grid is chosen as analogy to power Grid that provides consistent and transparent access to electricity irrespective to its sources • A Grid can be viewed as seamless, integrated computational and collaborative environment
What is Grid? • Some well-known name of Grid Computing • Meta Computing • Scalable Computing • Global Computing • Internet Computing • Peer-to-Peer Computing
Construction of Grid • The four main issues in designing and constructing a Grid • Multiple Administrative Domains and Autonomy • Heterogeneity • Scalability • Dynamicity and Adaptability
Construction of Grid • Multiple Administrative Domains and Autonomy • A Grid Infrastructure is supposed to be geographically distributed • It is owned by different individuals and organizations. • Heterogeneity • Computational resources are heterogeneous in nature
Construction of Grid • Scalability • Ranging from a few to million • Raising a problem of performance degradation as population increases • Dynamicity and Adaptability • Failure is a rule, not exception • Services or applications must use resources dynamically, effectively and efficiently.
Grid Components • Conceptually, a grid is designed based on four layers • Grid Fabric • Core Grid Middleware • User level Middleware • Applications
Grid Components • Grid Fabric • It manages the network resources, like computers, data storage, routers and input devices etc. across the network geographically. • Core Grid Middleware • It manages how the network resources co-operating together. It provides the services like remote process management and QoS etc.
Grid Components • User Level Middleware • It provides an application development environment offering for high-level application. • Applications
Assumptions • No intervention with existing technologies • Do not interfere with the existing site administration or autonomy. • Do not compromise existing security of users and remote sites • Do not need to replace the existing network protocol, operating system or services. Use existing standard • Use standard, existing protocols and is able to interact with the legacy applications
Assumptions • Support reliable and fault tolerant system • Support for heterogeneity • Allow computational resources join or leave at any time
Services of Grid • Administrative Hierarchy • This determine how the administrative informationflows through the Grid • Communication Services • This requires to the Grid to support protocol for different data transfer, like streaming, group communication and QoS etc.
Services of Grid • Information Services • A major goal is to make all resources accessible to any process in the Grid. • Grid is a dynamic environment • This services must provide a mechanism for registering and obtaining information of the Grid structure, resources, services and status
Services of Grid • Naming Services • This services must provide a uniform name space across the complete Grid environment • Distributed File Systems and Caching • Same as the Naming Services, this provides a uniform name space for retrieving file. • Support I/O protocols, performance enhancement etc.
Services of Grid • Security and Authorization • This provides a security infrastructure for managing and utilizing the Grid resources. • System Status and Fault Tolerant Services • Failure is a rule in the Grid, not exception • This provides a reliable and robust environment
Services of Grid • Resource Management and Scheduling • This is responsible for scheduling all the processes within the Grid to utilizing the resources, like processing power, storage etc. • Programming Tools • This provides an interface for development • User Administration and GUI
Grid Computing Projects • Main Initiatives • Global Grid Forum • http://www.gridforum.org • Peer-to-Peer Working Group (P2PWG) • http://www.p2pwg.org • Three important technologies in Grid Computing nowadays • Java Technology • Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) • Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM)
Current Projects • Active Sheets • Compute Power Market • DISC World • GridSim • Nimrod/G & GRACE • Virtual Lab • World Wide Grid (WWG) • More ……
Future • Grid resources can be used to solve grand challenges in a wide scope of fields, like physics etc.
Grid in Multimedia Applications • Administrative Hierarchy • Communication Services • Information Services • Naming Services • Distributed File Systems and Caching • System Status and Fault Tolerant Services • Security and Authorization • Resource Management and Scheduling • Programming Tools • User Administration and GUI
Grid in Multimedia Applications • Communication Services • It is a problem of how a group of clients streaming data so as to minimize their costs under the current system status • Distributed File Systems and Caching • It is a problem of how data are stored in a group of clients under the current system status
Grid in Multimedia Applications • System Status and Fault Tolerant Services • Resource Management and Scheduling • Information Services • It is a problem of how to manage the join/leave action of clients in the multimedia applications in which it changes the system status • How such changes affect the decision made by the previous 2 services
