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What is Music Therapy?

What is Music Therapy?. It is the skillful use of music and musical elements by an accredited music therapist to promote, maintain, and restore mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health. . Ancient History of Music Therapy. Egyptians Apollo Pythagoras Aristotle Cassidorus Plato

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What is Music Therapy?

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  1. What is Music Therapy? • It is the skillful use of music and musical elements by an accredited music therapist to promote, maintain, and restore mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

  2. Ancient History of Music Therapy • Egyptians • Apollo • Pythagoras • Aristotle • Cassidorus • Plato • Hippocrates • Buddhists • Biblical references

  3. The Birth of Contemporary Music Therapy • Came into focus during WWI and WWII -Music was used in Veterans Administration Hospitals as an intervention to address traumatic war injuries -volunteer musicians played for war veterans -beneficial effect on patients psychological, physiological, cognitive, and emotional state

  4. The Birth of Contemporary Music Therapy • As a result, the medical profession began to seek a way to make this type of treatment more scientific • This ignited the proliferation of groups to promote music as therapy and to create educational programs where musicians could be trained as therapists

  5. Application of Music Therapy Interventions • Acquired Brain Injury • AIDS • Autism and other Pervasive Development Disabilities • Critical Care • Developmental Disabilities • Emotional Traumas • Geriatric Care • Hearing Impairments • Mental Health • Neonatal Care • Obstetrics • Oncology • Pain Control • Palliative Care • Personal Growth • Physical Disabilities • Speech and Language Impairments • Substance Abuse • Teens at Risk • Victims of Abuse • Visual Impairments

  6. Clinical Practice • Music therapists are responsible for preparing, implementing, and evaluating music therapy programmes with individuals and groups • Clinicians will do this by assessing and creating a treatment

  7. Intervention techniques • Singing • Playing • Rhythmic • Improvising • Composing • Imagery • Listening

  8. Materials • 20 male and 20 female Sprague-Dawleyrats were allowed to mate for 24 hours. • Pregnancy was confirmed 14 days after mating • Divided pregnant rats into three groups: control, noise, music • After birth were left undisturbed with mother

  9. Spatial learning tast • Used a radial-arm maze test • At the ends of the arms there was a small bowl of water • Placed in apparatus for three training periods before task • Rats were deprived of water for 24hours before testing • Allowed to explore apparatus and drink for 5minutes • Terminated when all 8 arms were explored or 5 min elapsed

  10. Measures of Spatial Learning • Total time spent seeking water • Number of errors • Number of arms entered before error

  11. Mean body weight 2 weeks after birth • Control: 27.8±0.75g • Noise: 19.42±0.5g • Music: 27.07±0.97g - Significant retardation of body weight in noise group compared to music/control

  12. Time elapsed for exploring all eight arms • Control: 110.88±14.42s • Noise: 122.8±14.47s • Music: 63.00±7.33 -Music group spends significantly less time to successfully explore all eight arms

  13. Number of Correct choices before error • Control: 6.44±.29 • Noise: 5.4±.47 • Music: 6.9±.23 -Noise applied group had significantly lower correct choices before error

  14. Number of errors before 8 successful performances • Control:5.55±1 • Noise:13.2±3.29 • Music:3.2±0.85 -Significantly more errors in the noise applied group

  15. Neurogenesis analysis • During pregnancy rats were subcutaneously injected with 100mg/kg of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine. 30 minutes before experimental treatment • After completion of spatial learning task rats were immediately sacrificed • Their brains were then fixed, removed and made into 40um coronal sections • BrdUimmunohistochemistry was then done to prepare the sections • Brdu cells in hippocampus areas were counted hemilaterally and expressed in cells per square millimetre.

  16. CA1 • Control:2352±111.4 mm2 • Noise: 1644.22±119.04 • Music:3229.59±119.04

  17. Ca2 and ca3 • Control 868±40.05 • Noise 748.85±59.12 • Music 1393.7±57.66

  18. Dentate gyrus • Control 2367.28±138.25 • Noise 1170.91±146.76 • Music 2055.72±.124.39

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