Before Reading_ 1.1

Before Reading_ 1.1 An English Song — Career Opportunities 1. Sex Clark Five Sex Clark Five is a prolific underground rock band that began in the early 1980s in Alabama, USA. Sex Clark Five released several albums that featured its own style. It became somewhat of a musical trend several years afterwards. Sex Clark Five was active in 1980s and 1990s. Career Opportunities is one of its famous songs. Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_ 1.2 2. Listen to the Song An English Song — Career Opportunities Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_ 1.2_pop1 Career Opportunities They offered me the office, offered me the shop They said I’d better take anything they got Do you want to make tea at the BBC? Do you want to be, do you really want to be a cop? Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock I hate all of my school’s rules They just think that I’m another fool Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock An English Song — Career Opportunities Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Hey Bus driver! Ambulance man! Ticket inspector! I don’t understand They’re gonna have to introduce conscription（征兵） They’re gonna have to take away my prescriptions If they want to get me making toys If they want to get me, I’ve got no choice Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Career Career Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Oh, no Before Reading_ 1.2_pop2 An English Song — Career Opportunities Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_ 1.3 3. Questions about the song An English Song — Career Opportunities • Can you give some examples of careers mentioned in the song? Office worker, cop, bus driver, ambulance man, ticket inspector, soldier and so on. Word Web About the Author 2. Are there lots of career opportunities for the singer? Compound Dictation No. The song expresses discontent about the lack of alternatives. Discussion 3. What does the singer think of his school? He feels uncomfortable about school and hates all of school’s rules. 4. Is the singer satisfied with career opportunities provided by society? No, he isn’t.

Before Reading2 Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the phrase “choosing a career”. Write down as many words as possible about it. An English Song — Career Opportunities Word Web Physical and mental health Interests About the Author Promotion Compound Dictation Salary Choosing a career Parental influence Discussion Fringe benefits Learning opportunity Values Personality

Before Reading_3.1 An English Song — Career Opportunities 1. Wystan Hugh Auden Word Web • Born: 1907 • Birthplace: England • Died: 1973 • Best known as: Poet and man of letters About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_3.2 An English Song — Career Opportunities 2. A Brief Introduction to Wystan Hugh Auden Directions: When you listen to a paragraph about W.H. Auden, you are required to catch the key words. And then say something about W.H. Auden according to the key words you get. Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion Key Words Oxford University a hero of the Left style of his work central themes of his poetry

Before Reading_3.2_pop Wystan Hugh Auden, British-born US poet and man of letters, was educated at Oxford University. A versatile, vigorous, and technically skilled poet, Auden ranks among the major literary figures of the 20th century. Auden’s varied works throughout his life dealt with intellectual and moral issues of public concern as well as with the inner world of fantasy and dream. In the 1930s he became a hero of the left, pointing up the evils of capitalism. His work is noted for its stylistic and technical achievements, its engagement with moral and political issues, and its variety of tone, form, and content. The central themes of his poetry are: personal love, politics and citizenship, religion and morals, and the relationship between unique human beings and the anonymous, impersonal world of nature. His poetic works include The Age of Anxiety (1947, Pulitzer Prize) and the collections Another Time (1940) and Homage to Clio (1960). An English Song — Career Opportunities Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_3.3_1 An English Song — Career Opportunities 3. A Poem by W.H. Auden The More Loving One Word Web Looking up at the stars, I know quite well That, for all they care, I can go to , But on earth is the least We have to dread from man or beast. How should we like it were stars to burn With a for us we could not return? If equal cannot be, Let the more loving one be me. About the Author ___ hell __________ indifference Compound Dictation Discussion passion _______ affection _______

Before Reading_3.3_2.1 An English Song — Career Opportunities as I think I am Of stars that do not give a damn, I cannot, now I see them, say I one terribly all day. Were all stars to or die, I should learn to look at an sky And feel its total dark sublime, Though this might take me a little time. admirer _______ Word Web missed ______ About the Author disappear ________ Compound Dictation empty _____ Discussion

Before Reading_4.1 An English Song — Career Opportunities Choosing a career is an involved that is based on a number of things, including your , skills, work-related, and personality. You might want to meet with a career counselor. A career counselor will use various tools to help you . This is called self-assessment. Ifare an issue, don’t let that keep you from getting the help you need. Check with public library or local colleges and universities. What you should end up with is a list of suitable careers based on your self-assessment. you can’t do everything on your list.You need to do some first. You should begin to gather information about these careers process _______ interests _______ values _____ Word Web About the Author evaluate _______ finances _______ Compound Dictation Discussion Obviously ________ research _______

Before Reading_4.2 An English Song — Career Opportunities that include a job , outlook for the field and required training and education. When you have down your choices to just a few, then you should investigate even further, perhaps conduct some informational with those working in the field. You can now make a decision about what career to pursue. description _________ ________ narrowed Word Web interviews ________ About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Before Reading_5 An English Song — Career Opportunities 1. What do you think work can provide? 2. What kind of job do you think will be suitable for you? 3. How can you keep balance between work and play? 4. Do you think it a good thing to have too much leisure time to yourself? Word Web About the Author Compound Dictation Discussion

Global Reading_ 1 Parts Paras. Main Ideas The author explains his understanding of work, labour, and play. Whether one is a labourer or a worker has little to do with whether he or she is doing a physical or a mental job, but with the attitude he or she takes towards the job he or she does. Part Division of the Text 1~3 1 Further Understanding Table Completion True or False In the author’s eye, the majority of people in a modern technological society are labourers rather than workers. 2 4 The author stresses the two negative aspects of technology and the division of labor: by eliminating the need for special skills, they turned enjoyable work into boring labor and by increasing productivity, they give people excessive leisure time. 3 5

Global Reading_ 2_1 Directions: Summarize the author’s explanation of his understanding of “work”, “labour” and “play”. Part Division of the Text Further Understanding Whether a job can be classified as work depends on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. 1 Table Completion Work has nothing to do with the division between a manual and a mental job. Work 2 True or False Whether a man’s job can be viewed as work depends on his attitude toward leisure. 3 A job can be classified as labour if a person has no interest in it. 1 Labour He is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. 2 Play is a private activity that one enjoys doing as a pastime. 1 Play Whether one plays or not is a matter of the least concern to society. 2

Global Reading_ 2_2.1 1. 2. The development of technology and the division of labor have turned a large amount of enjoyable work into boring labor. Because of the development of technology and the division of labour, the need for special strength or skill in many fields has been eliminated. We are very happy to imagine a world in future where the majority of the workforce have as much time for play as the upper classes used to have in the past. Part Division of the Text Further Understanding Table Completion ( ) T True or False ( ) F The prospect is not cheerful that in future the majority of the workforce — ordinary people — have as much time for play as the upper classes used to have in the past.

Global Reading_ 2_2.2 3. 4. Unlike the aristocracy who used to repeat the same ceremonies in certain seasons, labourers are likely to spend their leisure time in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence at home, because they do it in their work. Part Division of the Text Further Understanding ( ) T Table Completion True or False ( ) F Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they are bent on their work and the aggressiveness inside themselves, if any, would naturally turn into the motivation and determination to do their jobs well.

Detailed Reading Detailed Reading We go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Auden’s discussion about work, labour, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer “workers”. What are we then?

Work, Labour and Play Wystan H. Auden Detailed Reading_t1 Detailed Reading So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labour. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a labourer today can rightly be called a wage slave.

Detailed Reading_t1-3 A man is a labourer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. Detailed Reading The opposite to labour is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not. Between labour and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labour is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labour or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.

Detailed Reading_t3 The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a labourer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, Detailed Reading leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives’ birthdays. To the labourer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend labouring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

Detailed Reading_t4-5.1 What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess, I would say sixteen percent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future. Technology and the division of labour have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labour, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary labouring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its labourers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful.Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading_t5.2 The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often aspossiblein the economicinterest of Detailed Reading certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, forvery soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.

Detailed Reading_t5.3 Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one’s teeth into a problem”. Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading_ In a society… In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a labourer today can rightly be called a wage slave. Detailed Reading 1. Why does the author call a labourer a wage slave? The author calls a labourer a wage slave because a labourer’s social value depends on the money he is paid. To a labourer, the job that society offers him is of no interest to him. He is compelled to take it because he has to earn a living and support his family. 2. What is the implied meaning of this sentence? Just like slaves in the past, labourers are compelled to do jobs that they don’t really enjoy. As a result, the only difference between a labourer and a slave is that one is paid while the other is not.

Detailed Reading_ A man is a worker… A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labour is from his own point of view voluntary play. Detailed Reading What does “voluntary play” mean in this context? “Voluntary play” in the context means the job one enjoys doing.

Detailed Reading_ The difference does … The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a labourer. Detailed Reading What can we infer from this sentence? According to the author, whether one is a worker or a labourer does not depend on the kind of job he or she does but on whether he or she really enjoys doing the job. Therefore, a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker if he is interested in his job, while a bank clerk is a labourer if he is bored with his job.

Detailed Reading_ He is therefore more likely … He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives’ birthdays. Detailed Reading 1. Why is a worker likely to take too little leisure? Because to a worker, leisure means simply the time he needs to relax and rest in order to work more efficiently. 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. 所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。

Detailed Reading_ What they know … It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its labourers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. Detailed Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. We can already imagine a world where the majority of the workforce have as much leisure time as the upper classes used to have in the past. 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. 已经可以想象出这样一个社会：其人口的大多数，也就是其中的劳动者们，将会享受到早期贵族们才能享受到的几乎同样多的休闲。

Detailed Reading_ When one recalls … Detailed Reading When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. What does this sentence imply? If today’s labourers who have almost as much leisure time as aristocracies in the past, should kill their time by indulging in dangerous and meaningless activities, it would have a great negative impact on society. With such a prospect in mind, one cannot but feel worried.

Detailed Reading_ Indeed … Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. Detailed Reading Translate this sentence into Chinese. 的确，在未来这样一个大众社会里，人们要解决“无聊”这个问题，也许比过去的贵族们要困难得多。

Detailed Reading_ The masses are… The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Detailed Reading Paraphrase this sentence. Unlike the aristocracy, ordinary people spend too much leisure time following fashions that change frequently in the economic interest of certain people.

Detailed Reading_ For other aristocratic… For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Detailed Reading What can we infer from this sentence? Unlike aristocracies, labourers cannot afford activities like gambling, dueling, and warfare, yet they may easily find similar amusements available in the modern society by spending their excessive leisure time in driving dangerously, taking drugs, or committing senseless acts of violence.

Detailed Reading_ Workers seldom commit… Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. Detailed Reading • Why do you think workers can put their aggression into their • work? Workers usually enjoy what they are doing, so they are willing to spend most of their time and energy on their jobs. As they are bent on their work, the aggressiveness inside themselves, if any, would naturally turn into the motivation and determination to do their jobs well. 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. 工作者很少进行暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上，不管是工匠的体力活，还是科学家、艺术家的脑力活。

Detailed Reading_ define define: vt. state, show or explain clearly Detailed Reading New times define new challenges. Please listen carefully while I define your duties. When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. 把“幸福”界定为“拥有很多钱”是错误的。 It’s wrong to define “happiness” as “owing lots of money”.

CF: compel, force, constrain & oblige compel force constrain oblige compel: vt. 1) force or oblige Detailed Reading_ compel 1 Detailed Reading You can compel obedience, but not affection. You cannot compel good work from unwilling students. A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. 2) inspire Her intelligence and skill compel universal admiration. 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。侧重施加约束力或有约束作用的影响，也指环境对人强加的影响迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等内在力量驱使去做某事。指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫做出的反应。

Detailed Reading_ compel 2 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Detailed Reading He felt to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel. Wealth is a power usurped by the few, to the many to labour for their benefit. I’m by the need to care for my mother. Survivors of the gas explosion are much to the public for their concern and donations. They the child into obedience. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. obliged ______ compel ______ constrained __________ obliged ______ forced _____

Detailed Reading_ in the strict sense Detailed Reading in the strict sense: in the most limited meaning In the strict sense, it is not a piece of classical music. In the strict sense, the help-the-poor program was put forward and on a large scale only after the initiation of the reform and opening-up. Collocations: in a sense在某种意义上 in the literal sense 就字面上而言 in the full sense就全面的角度而言 in the broad sense 从广义的角度而言

Detailed Reading_ abolish1 Detailed Reading abolish: vt. bring to an end by law; stop Slavery was abolished in England in the 19th century. Modern educators have for the most part abolished corporal punishment. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. 我们应该废止种族隔离一事愈来愈受到重视。 There is growing recognition that we should abolish segregation.

CF: abolish, cancel & repeal abolish cancel repeal Detailed Reading_ abolish 2 Detailed Reading 这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。例如： In my opinion, such corrupt practices should be abolished. 依我看，这些陋习应当废除。 If it rains, let our engagement be cancelled. 如果下雨，就取消我们的约会吧。 The legislation was repealed five months later.

Detailed Reading_ voluntary1 voluntary: a. acting or done willingly, without being forced Detailed Reading Charities rely on voluntary donations. She does voluntary social work. Collocations: voluntary clinic 免费诊所 voluntary coordination 自发性协调 voluntary association 自愿结合 voluntary agreement 无偿协议 voluntary labour义务劳动 voluntary agency志愿机构，志愿团体 voluntary assistance义务援助 voluntary contribution自愿捐款

Detailed Reading_ classify1 classify: vt. arrange in classes or groups Detailed Reading Whales are classified as mammals, not fish. We usually classify types of character as good or bad. 人们将油腻的薯条、洋芋片以及汉堡归类为垃圾食物。 People classify greasy French fries, potato chips and hamburgers as junk food. Local government is actively taking measures to collect, classify and dispose of garbage left in scenic spots to prevent pollution.

CF: organize, categorize, classify & sort organize categorize classify sort Detailed Reading_ classify2 这些动词均含“按一定规则加以组织、分类”之意。指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。强调贴标签于某物上并将其分类，或分列入目录中。指按照事物类型、质量或相似点进行分类。通常指根据类型或分类进行挑选。 Detailed Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The books in the library are to subjects. Please out the things you want to keep and throw everything else away. She was the first to the work in this way. He was as a trouble-maker. Natural resources can be as renewable and nonrenewable ones. classified ________ sort ____ ________ organize categorized __________ classified ________

Detailed Reading_ undertake undertake: vt. make oneself responsible for; agree; promise Detailed Reading During her husband’s presidency, Jacqueline Kennedy undertook the coordination of the White House restoration. We undertake to replace any product not up to the specifications. I had rather undertake some purposeful labour than stay idle. 量力而行。 Undertake no more than you can perform.

Detailed Reading_ coincide coincide: vi. be in agreement Detailed Reading The birthdays of twins usually coincide. His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife. They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincide with hers. 我和你政见不同。 I do not coincide with you in politics.

Detailed Reading_ compulsion compulsion: n. force or strong influence; strong unreasonable desire Detailed Reading Her compulsion to drink is causing serious problems. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion, but also in accordance with inner necessity. 对他们只能说服，不能压服。 Persuasion, not compulsion, is the only way to convince them. Pattern: under compulsion

Detailed Reading_ eliminate 1 eliminate: vt. remove; take away; get rid of Detailed Reading To fight and eliminate poverty is a major task facing the world today. The doctors helped him to eliminate waste material from the body. 我们能消灭癌症以减少死亡率吗？ Can we eliminate cancer so as to reduce death rate? Eliminate the false and retain the true. 去伪存真。 Collocations: eliminate sex barriers消除男女差别 eliminate errors消除错误 eliminate illiteracy扫盲 eliminate pornography扫黄

CF: remove, eliminate, dismiss & expel remove eliminate dismiss expel Detailed Reading_ eliminate2 这些动词均有“开除、驱出、去掉”之意。普通用词，不带任何感情色彩。通常指例行的、有步骤地去掉某物或某人。既可指突然迅速地排除，也可指解雇、开除或驳回。多指强行解除公职或驱出居住地。 Detailed Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. The case against Robert Jones was for lack of evidence. Six American diplomats have already been . The servant was for being lazy and dishonest. Please your bag from the seat so that I can sit down. She once again went through her composition carefully to all spelling mistakes. dismissed ________ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. expelled _______ dismissed ________ remove ______ ________ eliminate

Detailed Reading_ recall1 recall: vt. 1) order to return; summon back Detailed Reading The government recalled its ambassador when the war was declared. 2) remember; recollect The sight recalled the days of childhood to her. I don’t recall ever meeting her.

Before Reading_ 1.1