Warm-up: Monday: Copy the “Need to Know” words – Test on Friday!

1. Warm-up: Monday: Copy the “Need to Know” words – Test on Friday! • Natural hazards • Typhoons • Tsunamis • Famine • Drought • Monsoons • Landslides • Deforestation • Location of natural hazards in the U.S.

2. Warm-up Compare the situation of the Aral Sea with the Colorado River.

3. Extreme Weather and Natural Hazards What are they and how are people affected by them?

4. Natural Hazards • Natural hazards – events in the physical environment that can destroy human life and property.

5. Natural hazards risk map Natural Hazard Risk in the U.S.

6. Hurricanes Hurricane - a tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western Atlantic The barrier islands of Texas, Florida, and the Carolinas are particularly at risk of hurricane damage.

7. Flooding is the greatest danger posed by hurricanes.Hurricane Ike: September 2008

8. Ike

9. Ike

10. Ike

11. Typhoons • Typhoons – term for hurricanes in the western Pacific Ocean • Occur June – November • Average 27 storms a year

12. Typhoons - 2011

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14. Tornadoes • A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.  • Found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/storm-chasers-wild-tornado-rides/

15. How has Tornado Alley changed?

16. Warm-up for Thursday: • Write about an experience you have had with a natural hazard. How did you feel, did you have to prepare, what was it like? • Flood, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, etc.

17. Earthquakes • Earthquakes happen when plates within the Earth suddenly shift or break under stress, sending shock waves rippling. • There are about 500,000 earthquakes every year worldwide. • People only feel a small fraction of those.

18. Earthquakes • Seismic - Relating to an earthquake or to other tremors of the Earth, such as those caused by large explosions.

19. Earthquakes: Japan • Japan is the most seismically active country in the world • It is made up of 4 main islands and several thousand smaller islands which lie at the junction of three tectonic plates 10

20. Earthquakes • What technological innovations help Americans adapt to this hazard? • Special building techniques and materials

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22. Tsunamis • Tsunamis – large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity • Video clip montage: Tsunami in Japan 2011 • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/mar/11/japan-earthquake-tsunami-video

23. Tsunamis • 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami- One of the most devastating natural disasters of modern times • Killed more than 225,000 people in 11 countries • Caused by an earthquake • Produced waves up to 100 feet high • Took anywhere from fifteen minutes to seven hours (for Somalia) to reach the various coastlines. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9JDzBTwiig&NR=1 http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/video/tsunami-indonesia2004.mov

24. Warning Signs • One of the few coastal areas to evacuate ahead of the tsunami was on an Indonesian island very close to the epicenter. Island folklore recounted an earthquake and tsunami in 1907, and the islanders fled to inland hills after the initial shaking yet before the tsunami struck. • On Maikhao beach in northern Thailand, a 10-year-old British tourist had studied tsunami in geography class at school and recognized the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles. She and her parents warned others on the beach, which was evacuated safely.

25. Warning Signs

26. Devastating effects 26

28. Warm-up: Monsoons • What are monsoons? • Describe winters in India: • What direction do the monsoon winds blow during the winter? • Why is the temperature high during the winter? • Which direction do the summer monsoons come from? • What do the summer monsoons bring from June to September? • Why are the summer monsoons welcomed in India?

29. Warm-up: Monsoons • Describe winters in India: • Why is the temperature high during the winter? • What do the summer monsoons bring from June to September? • Label India on your World Map and get your notes out! (page S23-24)

30. Volcanoes • About 1,900 volcanoes are active today or known to have been active in historical times. • Almost 90% are in the Ring of Fire.

31. Volcanoes

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33. Drought • Drought - A prolonged period of abnormally low precipitation; a shortage of water resulting from this.

34. Drought • Drought can lead to famine – widespread shortage of food

35. Drought • http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/07/07/7031757-worst-drought-in-60-years-12-million-africans-face-fight-for-survival • Drought and famine in East Africa • Warning – some images may be disturbing

36. Dust Storms • Meteorologists say people living on Texas' parched plains could see more dust storms as a record drought tightens its grip across the Southwest. At least six sandstorms hit Phoenix this summer, with the most powerful striking on July 5 and measuring a mile high. But experts say another Dust Bowl is unlikely thanks to modern irrigation and farming techniques aimed at holding soil in place.

37. Dust Storms Dust Storm in West Texas Dust storm in Kuwait

38. Flooding • Monsoon – wind system in which winds reverse direction and cause seasons of wet and dry weather • Bangladesh - 20 to 60% floods every year

40. Flooding: Thailand 2011 • “Excessive monsoon rains have drowned a third of the Southeast Asian nation since late July… • Seasonal monsoons came six weeks early and have lasted longer than usual, filling reservoirs, dams and fields with 30 percent more rainfall than average. At the same time, the government kept too much water in dams over the summer in a bid to save water for rice cultivation, Plodprasop said.”

41. Flooding: Thailand 2011

42. Landslides • Occur frequently in hills and mountainous areas • Caused by heavy rainfall and human activities such as deforestation, construction, and cultivation • These factors have weakened the slopes

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44. Landslides

45. Environmental Issues: Deforestation • Definition: destruction or loss of forests

46. Deforestation: Tropical Rainforests of the World

47. Deforestation: Tropical Rainforests of the World

48. Deforestation: Indonesia and Malaysia

49. Deforestation: Borneo • Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

50. Deforestation • Effects of deforestation: • Loss of habitat for wildlife • Displaces local communities • Leads to soil erosion