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Understanding Action Potentials and Habituation: Insights from Synaptic Mechanisms

This text explores the intricate mechanisms of action potentials and synaptic transmission in the nervous system, particularly focusing on the processes of habituation and sensitization. It discusses the roles of presynaptic axon terminals, postsynaptic cell bodies, and neurotransmitter dynamics at synapses. Through experimental observations, this analysis highlights the differentiation of learning responses, such as spontaneous recovery and the nuances in sensory adaptation and motor fatigue. Ultimately, it underscores how changes in synaptic activity reflect shifts in information processing within neural circuits.

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Understanding Action Potentials and Habituation: Insights from Synaptic Mechanisms

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  1. Action Potential Post- synaptic Cell Body (soma) Synapse Presynaptic Axon Terminal Dendrites (pages 56-57)

  2. Synapse - + - + - + Action Potential + + T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T Vesicles containing Neurotransmitter Terminal Receptor T Depolarization axon dendrite Synaptic cleft or gap

  3. Water spray Mantle Gill Withdrawal Gill Siphon

  4. Habituation Spontaneous recovery

  5. Learning-Performance Distinction (again) Other reasons for decreased response? Sensory Adaptation Motor Fatigue For it to be “learning” must be a change in the processing of information in the nervous system.

  6. Siphon Neck Gill Mantle NO Sensory Adaptation? 1. Record SN---no decrease in response 2. Stimulate SN---still habituation Gill Motor Neuron Siphon Sensory Neuron

  7. Siphon Neck Gill Mantle NO Motor Fatigue? 1. Record MN---decrease in response 2. Stimulate MN---no decreased response Gill Motor Neuron Siphon Sensory Neuron

  8. Remember Dual Process Theory Q: Is dishabituation the loss of H, or the addition of S? If loss of H: increased response should be specific to siphon-gill reflex If add S: increased response should be general to all refexes Answer? Test other reflexes

  9. Conclusion: Habituation to Siphon does not generalize to Mantle

  10. Both Responses Increase: Supports Dual Process; Suggests Dishabituation is a form of Sensitization

  11. Siphon Neck Gill Mantle Interneuron S.N. S.N. Gill Motor Neuron Siphon Sensory Neuron

  12. Synapse T + + + T + + T T T T T T T T T T T T T Habituation: Decreased NT Release Receptor T axon Vesicles containing Neurotransmitter dendrite

  13. From interneuron T + + + T N + N + T N T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T axon dendrite Sensitization: Increase in NT release

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