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Learn how Vygotsky's constructivist theory emphasizes the significance of social interactions and cultural context in shaping knowledge acquisition. Discover the interconnectedness of prior knowledge, conceptual understanding, and cognitive development in the learning process.
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Vygotsky(Constructivist) • Learning stems from experience • Involves language (and discussion) • Clarifies thinking • Requires processing • Within a social and cultural context • Within Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) • Is contextually-based • Howe, 1996
Vygotsky(Constructivist) • People learn • Everyday concepts (spontaneous) • “Scientific” concepts (non-spontaneous) • Concepts • Are constructed • Linked concepts transfer to new experiences • Howe, 1996
Piaget(Constructivist) • Learning is active, constructive process • Learning derived from experience • New Knowledge • Assimilated • Accommodated • Learning is individual and internally driven • Developmental stages in learning • Linked to physical development • Limit learning • Howe, 1996
Prior Knowledge I’d like the duck, but I have a plane to catch. I was brought into a large white room and my eyes began to blink because the bright light hurt them.
Constructivism • Concepts – regularities in events or objects Consider: Chair Dog Running Blue Sunny Novak, 2002
Prior Knowledge Which does not belong in this group? Salamander Jellyfish Tree Fish Jesse Ventura
Constructivism • Knowledge • Builds on Prior Knowledge • Derived from reality • Is adaptive, useful • Is rational • “Created” by individuals • Socially constructed • Shapiro, 1994
Constructivism • Knowledge • Rote (“situated” ) • Fuzzy Conceptions (Alternative conceptions) • Meaningful • Cognitive network: Schema • Illustrated through concept maps • Includes “misconceptions” • Novak, 2002
Constructivist terminology • Proposition – A statement identifying the relationship between concepts Consider: Flowers have pistils. Flowers are part of plants. Dogs have legs. Water flows down hill.
Animal Needs Oxygen May be a Needs May be a Bird Food Can Fish Reproduce May be a Trout Prior Knowledge Pyrrhuloxia
Misconceptions Examples: Seasons Condensation
Misconceptions • Constructed from experience, “prior knowledge” • Rational (make sense) • Useful • Common and typical • Stable and resistant to change