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Large scale triangulation: from Struve to Refsdal

Large scale triangulation: from Struve to Refsdal. Jaan Pelt Tartu Observatory Expanding the Universe, Conference in Tartu 27-29 April 2011. Professor with students. First Republic. Uniküla- Rannaküla baseline. Wilhelm Struve 1816-1819 Triangulation of Livonia.

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Large scale triangulation: from Struve to Refsdal

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  1. Large scale triangulation: from Struve to Refsdal Jaan Pelt Tartu Observatory Expanding the Universe, Conference in Tartu 27-29 April 2011

  2. Professor with students

  3. First Republic

  4. Uniküla-Rannakülabaseline Wilhelm Struve 1816-1819 Triangulation of Livonia

  5. Simuna-Võivere baselineNorthern part of Struve’s Arc

  6. Sharpest anglesSize/Baseline

  7. Large scale triangulation

  8. Parallax measurements Wilhelm Struve 1835-1836

  9. Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve b. 1793 Altona, Hamburg d. 1864St. Petersburg α Aquilae (Tartu Pubs. III, 1822) 0".181 current 0".198 α Lyrae (1835-1836) 0".125±0.055 (1840 AN) 0".2613 ± 0".0254 current 0".123

  10. Astrometric tradition lives on Valeri Malyuto HIPPARCOS,GAIA Indrek Kolka GAIA

  11. S Andromedae (1885) Karl Ernst Albrecht Hartwig (1851 — 1923)

  12. 1922,ApJ 55,406 From orbital speeds to Eq.1 Ernst Julius Öpik 22. oktoober 1893– 10. september 1985 Among other: Rector of Baltic University (1946-1948) - Hamburg

  13. And now to distance! Öpik 1921 785000 pc Öpik 1922 450000 pc Hubble 1929 275000 pc Current 690000 pc

  14. Refsdal’s method Sjur Refsdal December 30, 1935 – January 29, 2009

  15. Quasars!

  16. Sleeping beauty (said Virginia Trimble)

  17. First gravitational lens system QSO 0957+561 1979 Dennis Walsh, Bob Carswell, and Ray Weymann using the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1 meter telescope.

  18. Controversy of baseline measurement (time delay) Vanderriest et al. 1989 Press et al. 1992 Pelt et al. 1994 (Hamburg) Pelt et al. 1996 (Hamburg) Kundić et al. 1997 Pelt et al. 1998 (Oslo)

  19. Oslo, 1997-1998 Centre of Advanced Studies Sjur Refsdal and Rudy Schild 2002, Soomaa, Estonia

  20. How it does? Meta surveys Best single lens( B1608+656, Suyu et al): First lens system (QSO 0957+561, Fadely et al): Canonical (Freedman):

  21. Prediction Full observable universe will be covered at log(S)=15.46 or in 2036

  22. Second stage Weak and strong lensing Mapping of near by dark matter haloes

  23. Dark matter mapping methods • Millisecond pulsar timing, Shapiro delays (Siegel et al). • Microlensing (magnification events) • Large scale weak lensing studies • Strong lensing, precise modeling

  24. How this will be done? Just one example – LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) • 3000-4000 strong lens systems • 300-400 lensed supernovae • Abundant weak lensing data base • Hundreds of thousands of microlensing events

  25. Final stage uses already compiled maps Collecting time delays for fast and far away events Galaxy microlensing taken into account

  26. Paths through the real space

  27. Can be done for: • Gravitational waves (LISA) • Gamma ray burst • Far away quasars • Yet unknown violent fast, bright, violent events

  28. Conclusions • Hamburg-Estonia connections (not taking into account Bernhard Schmidt – who worked 1927-1935 in Hamburg Observatory). • Keep the first result! • 2036 – Mission completed!

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