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Wireless Ethernet Overview

Wireless Ethernet Overview. Ethernet Wired LAN. 195Eg. 195Eg. Overview. Wireless Ethernet Proprietary Hardware Open WLAN Standard ESTeem Ethernet Networks Access Point Ethernet Bridge Mesh Networking Client Modes Security Applications. Sample Ethernet Stack Model.

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Wireless Ethernet Overview

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  1. Wireless Ethernet Overview Ethernet Wired LAN 195Eg 195Eg

  2. Overview • Wireless Ethernet • Proprietary Hardware • Open WLAN Standard • ESTeem Ethernet Networks • Access Point • Ethernet Bridge • Mesh Networking • Client Modes • Security • Applications

  3. Sample Ethernet Stack Model Wireless LAN Replaces Only Two Lowest Layers Computer System Application Program Application Presentation Session UDP TCP Transport UDP/TCP/IP IP-Multicast Network IP Ethernet MAC Link IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Physical Physical

  4. Proprietary Wireless Ethernet • Single Supplier for Wireless Equipment • Manufacturer Sets Network and Modulation Standards • Fastest to Market • Flexibility on Development • Mesh Network Technology • High Speed 900 MHz (1-54 Mbps) • Most Widely Used in Outdoor Applications

  5. Open Wireless Standards • IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) • Intended to look and feel like wired 802.3 LAN • IEEE 802.11b/g/a (WiFi) • Extensions of the Physical Layer • Device Level Standards – 802.15.4 • Zigbee/Wireless Hart • ISA100.11a • Emerging High Speed Networks • 802.11n • Adoption in late 2009

  6. 802.11g/b/a Network Types • Access Point (Infrastructure Modes) • All Client Stations Communicate Through Access Point • Access Point Provides Link to Wired LAN • Fixed Locations • Access Point Repeater • Listed But Not Defined in 802.11 Specifications • Allows Relay of Client Data Through Multiple Access Points • Manufacturer To Set Specifications • Client Modes • Mobile Equipment • Imbedded WiFi in Hardware

  7. 802.11 Access Point Network Client Mode Mobile PLC • All Clients Link to Access Point • Access Point Provides Link to Wired LAN Network • Access Point Can Link Multiple Clients on Different Data Rates (802.11b and 802.11g) • Functions As Network HUB for WLAN Building Ethernet LAN Ethernet Hub/Switch

  8. ESTeem Access Point Networks • Access Point Bridge • Pass all network traffic from wired LAN • All global broadcasts sent through AP • Used on smaller or isolated networks • Access Point Router • Functions same as Router between wired and wireless network • No global broadcasts passed on radio network • Used on high Ethernet traffic network connection • Access Point Masquerade • All wireless clients hidden from network • Functions as Firewall between wired and wireless network • Direct connection to Internet (T1, DSL, etc.)

  9. Access Point Bridge • Bridges wireless and wired network ports • All data from both wired and wireless are shared • Simple network configuration • Single IP subnet • No IP routing required • Connecting to busy Ethernet can overwhelm wireless network • Functions simultaneously as Bridge and client Access Point

  10. Access Point Router • 195E acts as router between wireless network and wired network • More extensive network configuration required • Wired and wireless must be on different subnets • Network router required • Existing network router • Configuring ESTeem 195E as router • Used when connecting 195E to larger corporate networks or global (UDP) based networks • Simultaneous Access Point for clients

  11. Access Point Masquerade • 195E used as firewall between wireless network and wired network • Wireless network requests on wired network will pass but wired network requests will not • Used for isolating wireless network from wired Ethernet network • Functions similar to home cable/DSL routers • Supports clients as Access Point

  12. Access Point Repeater • Communication Link Between Access Points • Can Either Be Hardwire Connection or Wireless • Allows Extended Range for WLAN Ethernet Hub/Switch

  13. ESTeem Repeater Peers • Provides Wireless Links Between Access Points • Only method of communication between fixed AP’s • ESTeem 195E to 195E communication not in client mode • Independent of Client to AP Configuration • Configures Wireless Bridge Between Ethernet Ports • Allows Any 195E AP to Function as Repeater • Unlimited Connections • Supported in all AP Modes

  14. Access Point Bridge - Repeater Remote Video Monitoring Client Mode Ethernet Wired LAN HUB or Switch Mobile Wireless Network With Overlap Coverage 10/100BaseT Station Masquerade or Station Router Mode Client Mode Access Point Bridge with Repeater Feature Enabled Stand Alone Repeater EtherStation Mode Mobile PLC Voice over IP Mobile PLC Access Point Bridge with Repeater Feature Enabled Ethernet Wired LAN Note: Antenna’s shown are for illustration purposes. There are many antenna options available depending on your application. 10/100BaseT Access Point Bridge with Repeater Feature Enabled

  15. Proprietary Bridge Networks • Ethernet Bridge Mode • IEEE 802.11 Does Not Define AP to AP Connections • Proprietary Ethernet Link • Repeating and All Modes of Operation Supported • Extended Security • Features Lost such as Access Point Repeater • No Open Standard Equipment • Links Networks Together • Links Fixed Ethernet Nodes in Network

  16. Building to Building Bridge Hub or Switch Bldg. LAN Main Office Voice over IP Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Line-of-Sight Path Bldg. LAN 54 Mbps Voice over IP Remote Office Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Note: Antenna’s shown are for illustration purposes. There are many antenna options available depending on your application.

  17. Wireless Bridge With Repeater Hub or Switch Bldg. LAN Main Office Voice over IP Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode 54 Mbps Line-of-Sight Path Bldg. LAN 54 Mbps Line-of-Sight Path Voice over IP Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Remote Office NOTE: Repeater may be stand-alone or attached to a network or device. Repeater Access Point Router with Repeater Mode Note: Antenna’s shown are for illustration purposes. There are many antenna options available depending on your application.

  18. ESTeem Mesh Technology • Redundant Repeater Routes • Configured Priority Routing • Manual Input • Direct Control Over Routing • Auto Configuration • Shortest Path to Root Bridge • Highest Signal Strength • Priority Routing Configuration • Multiple Links Create “Meshing” Pattern • “Self Healing” from Spanning Tree Protocol

  19. Redundant Path Overview LOS

  20. Mesh Network Configuration • Repeater Peer Links • WLAN Address of Remote ESTeem • Path Cost or Path Length • Encryption Type • Data Rate • Routing Base Upon Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) • Root Bridge • Path Cost vs Path Length • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol • Enable Each Fixed Route • Mobile Clients Not Required in List

  21. Repeater MeshConfiguration Example Path Cost HUB or Switch 10/100BaseT Primary Repeater Path Stand-Alone Repeater Site Path Cost = 100 Access Point Bridge with Repeater Network Router (Required) Plant NetworkLarge Wired LAN Access Point Router with Repeater * Root Bridge Path Cost = 100 Backup Repeater Path Primary Repeater Path Path Cost = 100 Path Cost = 201 Path Cost Direct = 100 Path Cost Through Repeater = 200 Direct Path Would Be Primary 10/100BaseT Remote BuildingSmall Ethernet Wired LAN Access Point Bridge with Repeater

  22. Repeater MeshConfiguration Example Path Length HUB or Switch 10/100BaseT Primary Repeater Path Stand-Alone Repeater Site Path Length = 1 Access Point Bridge with Repeater Network Router (Required) Plant NetworkLarge Wired LAN Access Point Router with Repeater * Root Bridge Path Length = 1 Backup Repeater Path Primary Repeater Path Path Length = 1 Path Length = 3 Path Length Direct = 1 Path Length Through Repeater = 2 Direct Path Would Be Primary 10/100BaseT Remote BuildingSmall Ethernet Wired LAN Access Point Bridge with Repeater

  23. ESTeem Client Applications • Mobile Client in Network • Moves Between Multiple Access Points • Greatly Extended Range of Mobile Devices • Vehicles • Forklifts Station Masquerade or Station Router Mode HUB or Switch 10BaseT EtherStation Mode Mobile PLC Voice over IP Access Point Mode Or Access Point Repeater Mobile PLC

  24. ESTeem Client Modes • EtherStation • Single Ethernet device on wireless network • Only one device connected to ESTeem • Station Router • Multiple Ethernet devices on client connection • Router between wireless network and connected devices • IP address for each device visible on network • Station Masquerade • Multiple Ethernet devices on client connection • Firewall between connected clients and wireless network • IP address for each device hidden on network • All devices appear as a single IP on network

  25. ESTeem Client Roaming • Custom Roaming Code • Most Mobile Clients Will Move Only on Connection Loss • Overlapping Coverage Not Helpful • ESTeem Custom Roaming Code • Signal Strength Threshold • Number of Missed Packets • Client Will Stay With Access Point Until Better Link Found • Client Will Obtain Highest Data Rate Possible • Authentication • Verification Of Network ID and Security Code • Association with New Access Point • Disassociation of Old Access Point

  26. Security of Data • Early Encryption Support • WEP 64/128 Bit • WPA – TKIP • Pre-Shared Key (PSK) • Enterprise (Radius Server) • IEEE 802.11i (WPA2) • AES Encryption • CCMP Encoding • PSK or Enterprise

  27. WEP Security • Designed for Basic Security • Unauthorized listening or monitoring • Prevent unauthorized use • Not Designed for a Strong Encryption • Similar Problems with Dial-Up Access • EAP was implemented as “stop-gap” solution • VPN is an alternate security method • Multiple Layers of Security • No single layer of security will work

  28. Access Control List (ACL) • Additional Security Overlay • “MAC Filter” to Accept or Deny MAC Addresses • Unique for ALL Ethernet Devices • MAC Address Set at Factory • Single Addresses in List • Group of Addresses • Simple but Most Secure Method • Physical Compromise Required • More Management Required

  29. WPA • WiFi Protected Access • Interim Solution from WiFi Alliance • Used Elements from 802.11i Workgroup • Solutions could be software or firmware updated • Enhanced Encryption through TKIP • Rolling Encryption Cipher • Support for User Authentication • RADIUS Server Model • WPA Enterprise • 802.1x for session key

  30. CCMP-AES • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) • Official Government Standard • 128 Bit Key Size Standard • CCMP • Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol • Encryption Mechanism using AES Algorithm • Authentication • Radius Server for Enterprise Applications • PSK for Non-Server Applications • Highest Level of Security Available Commercially • IEEE 802.11i • WPA2

  31. Security in Industrial Applications • Most Industrial Applications will Not Have Access to EAP Server • Pre-shared Key will fit most industrial wireless applications • Flexible Levels of Security Based on Information in System • Encryption Level Customized to Application

  32. Remote Site Main Office Bldg. LAN Remote Site Voice over IP Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Line-of-Sight Path Line-of-Sight Path Line-of-Sight Path Bldg. LAN Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Voice over IP Remote Office Remote Site & Repeater NOTE: Repeater may be stand-alone or attached to a network or device. Repeater Remote Video Monitoring Line-of-Sight Path Voice over IP Line-of-Sight Path Line-of-Sight Path Mobile Applications Client Mode Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Access Point Bridge with Repeater Mode Hub or Switch Note: Antenna’s shown are for illustration purposes. There are many antenna options available depending on your application. Laptop/PDA Devices

  33. Primary Uses of Wireless • Mobile Applications • Moving Hardware • Maintenance Vehicles • Factory Floor Machines • Overhead Cranes • Public Safety

  34. Primary Uses of Wireless • “Inaccessible” Areas • Difficult or Too Costly to Run Cable • Across waterways • Communication across roadways • Airfield lighting

  35. Primary Uses of Wireless • Long Distance Communication • City or County Coverage • Impracticable to Cable • Water Distribution • Wastewater Systems

  36. Application Sets the Standard • No one frequency or wireless standard will solve all applications • Every frequency and standard has it’s place • Correct selection for application is key

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