Chapter 5.1

1. Chapter 5.1 A Healthy Pregnancy

2. Early Signs of Pregnancy • A missed menstrual period (often first indicator) • A full feeling or mild ache in the lower abdomen • Tiredness or faintness • A frequent, urgent need to urinate • Swollen breasts, causing discomfort or tenderness • Nausea or vomiting, particularly in the morning • Though these symptoms are common, does not mean that a woman is pregnant. • Should take a pregnancy test • Visit a Doctor • Early detection is important! Health During Pregnancy

3. Obstetrician: is a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth. • Regular check-ups during pregnancy • Should like, feel comfortable with and trust. • The First Exam (pg. 130) • Blood pressure • Medical history • Pelvic measurement • Urine analysis • Blood Test- Anemia • Anemia is a condition that results from not having enough red blood cells. • Immunity to rubella Medical Care

4. Check-ups • Once a monthuntil the 6th or 7th month • After that- Twice a month • Monitor baby’s development • Check mother’s health • 24th and 28th week woman take a glucose test • Check for gestational diabetes • Form of diabetes that occur only during pregnancy • If left untreated; can cause baby to be heavier than normal at birth • Controlled by a special diet; usually disappear after birth • Preeclampsia • Is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the mothers urine. • Can prevent baby from getting enough blood • Which provide oxygen and food Periodic Checkups

5. Nausea or Vomiting • Commonly called morning sickness, it can occur at anytime during the day. Rarely lasts past the 4th fourth month • Sleepiness • Hormonal changes during the beginning; begin to feel more energetic later on • Heartburn • Burning feeling in the upper chest • Shortness of Breath • Pressure on the lungs from the baby • Varicose Veins • Swollen veins, or blood vessels, that are close to the skin’s surface. • Muscle Cramps in the Legs • Stretching, rest and diet rich in calcium may help alleviate. • Lower Back Pain • Wearing low-heeled shoes and learning to lift properly Discomforts of Pregnancy

6. A few woman experience more serious problems during pregnancy, and should consult a doctor • Vaginal Bleeding • Unusual weight gain, or loss • Excessive thirst • Pain during urination • Severe abdominal pain • Fever • Increases vaginal mucus • Swelling of the face, hands, or ankles • Blurred vision or dizziness • Prolonged backache Possible Serious Complications

7. Common length of pregnancy is about 40 weeks, or 9 months • Page 134 in text list of physical changes by month Physical Changes

8. Women typically gain between 24 and 30 pounds during a healthy pregnancy. Weight Gain

9. Important to communicate with your partner about feelings and emotions. • Depression • Feel overwhelmed • Stress • Moody, annoyed, scared • Find ways to reduce stress or to relieve stress • Avoid sugar foods and caffeine • Exercise • Relaxation techniques • Talk about concerns • Parenting classes Emotional Health

10. Expectant mothers need a variety of nutrients to keep themselves and their developing babies healthy. • Grains • Carbohydrates- Energy • Vegetables • Heart healthy • Rich in potassium and dietary fiber, folic acid, and vitamins A, C, and E. • Fruits • Help control body weight, healthy heart, and blood vessels • Milk • Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin D, and Protein • Healthy bones and teeth • Meat and Beans • Protein • Oils Nutrition During Pregnancy

11. Variety of vitamins and minerals are vital to both the fetus and the mother. • Vitamins • Help maintain a healthy pregnancy. • Vitamin A ensures proper eye development • Vitamin B general fetal development • Vitamin C –healthy teeth and gums, skin, bones, and organs • Vitamin D creation of hones and teeth • Folic Acid spinal cord development Vitamins

12. Pregnant women need iron • A mineral that prevents anemia and assists in developing the baby’s own blood supply • Extra iron is stored in the baby’s liver and is used in the months right after birth • Calcium and Phosphorus • Work together to produce strong bones and teeth Minerals

13. All pregnant women should eat a wide-variety of healthy foods. • Exact quantities on the mother’s • Age, weight, and activity level as well as the stage of pregnancy • MyPyramid for Mom’s • Provides a specific plan based on these factors Food Quantities

14. Teen’s bodies have special nutritional needs because they too are still developing. • Need to be careful to eat nutritious meals and snacks • Essential for teens to get enough calcium and iron. • Bones, and blood supply • Should discuss their nutritional needs with their doctor Nutrition and Pregnant Teens

15. Sensitivities to Milk • Rich source of calcium, protein, and other key nutrients. • Need to eat larger amounts of other calcium-rich foods • Broccoli, tofu, and dark green leafy vegetables • Lactose Intolerant • Fortified soy milk can provide nutrients • Lactase: an enzyme that helps digest lactose • Eating foods with lactase (yogurt) helps some people digest milk. Special Diets

16. Vegetarians do not eat meat; which is high in protein. • Vegans: do not eat any animal products including eggs or milk • Should discuss their eating patterns with a doctor to plan a diet rich in vitamins and minerals during pregnancy. Vegetarians