1. Politics CPW 4U1 Mr. Marcus Emery Edvance 2016

2. What is Politics? • The study of politics is one of the oldest academic disciplines. In ancient Greece political philosophers studied the uses of power. They also concerned themselves with creating a good society and balancing the pursuit of power with justice and order.

3. What is Politics? • They started the study of the four great sub-disciplines of Political Studies: • domestic politics and policy studies (Herodotus) • political philosophy (Plato) • comparative politics (Aristotle) • international politics (Thucydides)

4. What is Politics? • Social relations involving authority or power. • “The ability to impose ones will upon another” – Max Weber • Political Power • The ability of those in authority to induce members of the polis (community) to do what they want them to do. • Political Influence • The ability to influence; to sway opinion by using the media, using rewards or promises.

5. 3 Types of Authority 1.Traditional Authority 2. Legal Authority 3. Autocratic Authority

6. Traditional Authority • The ruler exercises traditional authority that has been inherited from a parent or relative. Examples: House of Windsor, House of Saud, Bourbon Dynasty, Qing Dynasty.

7. Legal Authority • Follows precedent of the Magna Carta. Limitations on royal power. No leader is above the law. A set of laws creates a framework for the exercise of power. Examples: Canada, United States, Great Britain, France.

8. Autocratic Authority • Obtained and maintained by the use of force. Usually inspired by ideological or religious beliefs. Further support gained from elite groups and/or military. Most modern dictatorships follow this example. Examples: Vladimir Lenin, Adolf Hitler, Ayatollah Khomeini, Augusto Pinochet, Robert Mugabe, Kim Jong-un.

9. A Funny Thing About Elections • Elections can be used by autocrats and dictators to give the impression that the will of the people is being heard. In fear societies, elections are manipulated, political opposition is muted, and press freedom is suppressed.

10. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Queen Elizabeth II England Traditional Authority

11. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Vladimir Putin Russia Legal Authority/Autocratic Authority

12. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Manmohan Singh India Legal Authority

13. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Benjamin Netanyahu Israel Legal Authority

14. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Barack Obama USA Legal Authority

15. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Angela Merkel Germany Legal Authority

16. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Arnold USA Formerly a Legal Authority

17. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Stephen Harper Canada Legal Authority

18. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Raul Castro Cuba Autocratic Authority

19. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Adolf Hitler Germany Autocratic Authority

20. Who Am I? What type of Authority? David Cameron United Kingdom Legal Authority

21. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe Autocratic Authority

22. Who Am I? What type of Authority? Kim Jung –Un North Korea Autocratic Authority

23. Who Am I? What type of Authority? King Abdullah Saudi Arabia Traditional Authority

24. 3 Styles of Leadership • Laissez-Faire • Democratic • Autocratic

25. Laissez-Faire • very little participation by leader in an authoritarian role • used when working with people of equal qualifications • “the principle of letting people do as they please” (Gage, 1983) • “laid back” approach - leading without being up front and in the spotlight • getting a group to head towards a goal by suggesting and nudging them in the right direction

26. Democratic • decisions made through group discussions and votes • used when there is a specialist in the field • “....a form of government in which power is held by the people and is exercised by them directly or through their elected representatives.” (NGS 1989) • “a government that is.... controlled by the people who live under it.” (Gage 1983) • India, United States are the largest democracies • a leader is obviously present but more or less mediates decisions based on input from the entire population

27. Autocratic • decisions made by one person without consult of anyone but himself • often used in emergency situations where time is of the essence • “a government having absolute power over its citizens; absolute authority; ruling without checks or limitations” (Gage, 1983) • since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, North Korea, China, Laos, Vietnam, and Cuba are the only communist countries left on Earth • leader determines all policies and gives orders