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Theories of Socialization

Theories of Socialization. The Psychosexual Theory. Freud’s Theory of how the self emerges through stages States that we are born with an impulse to seek pleasure and avoid pain (Id, Ego, Superego) If Id consistently wins the internal battle = selfish, inconsiderate

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Theories of Socialization

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  1. Theories of Socialization

  2. The Psychosexual Theory • Freud’s Theory of how the self emerges through stages • States that we are born with an impulse to seek pleasure and avoid pain (Id, Ego, Superego) • If Id consistently wins the internal battle = selfish, inconsiderate • If Ego consistently wins the internal battle = extremely considerate of others • Freud believed that personality development was connected to bodily functions such as sex and bodily waste removal

  3. The Cognitive Development Theory • Piaget’s Theory of how the self emerges in a step-by-step process based on mastery at each stage • Based on belief that babies are incapable of surviving on their own • Humans must learn to adapt to new situations • Individuals organize their learning in a way that makes sense to them • The process is limited to the natural development of the human brain • 30% of adults have not reached the formal operational stage

  4. The Psychosocial Development Theory • Erickson’s theory on the stages of human development • Each stage poses a conflict between personal wants and family or societal expectations • Self emerges as we – successfully or unsuccessfully – resolve each crisis point of conflict • More successful the resolution, the more prepared the person is to move to the next stage • One completes themselves once all stages are passed • If not able to successfully pass all stages, self is constantly resentful of lost opportunities

  5. Preview into Grade 12 Sociology HSB 4M • More on. . . • The Social Experience Theory (Cooley and Mead) • The Moral Development Theory (Kohlberg)

  6. More on Social Identity • Read the following two case studies: • Group Conflict: Sherif’s Robbers Cave Experiment (page. 258) • Henri Tajfel: The Social Identity Theory (page. 262-263) Answer questions: 1. What do the case studies tell us about group membership and social identity? 2. What objects/experiences have formed you into a group in your lifetime? 3. Group membership can be important in providing protection and identity. Explain an example of this. 4. Looking back over the various socialization theories, which one do you think is most correct in defining human nature? Which stage outlined in your theory of choice do you think is most difficult to overcome?

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