Theravada

1. Theravada • The Theravada form of Buddhism is dominant in southern Asia, especially in Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. For this reason it is sometimes known as "Southern Buddhism."

2. Theravada means "The Way of the Elders" in Pali, reflecting the Theravadins' belief that they most closely follow the original beliefs and practices of the Buddha and the early monastic Elders.

3. The purpose of life for Theravadins is to become an arhat, a perfected saint who has achieved nirvana and will not be reborn again. As a result, Southern Buddhism tends to be more monastic, strict and world-renouncing than its Northern counterpart, and its approach is more philosophical than religious.

4. Because of this focus on personal attainment and its requirement that one must renounce the world to achieve salvation, Mahayana Buddhists refer to Theravada Buddhism as the "Lesser Vehicle" (Hinayana). • .

5. In Theravada, it is thought to be highly unlikely, even impossible, that a layperson can achieve liberation. Because Mahayana disagrees, it regards itself as providing a "Greater Vehicle" to liberation, in which more people can participate

6. Mahayana • Mahayana Buddhism emerged in the first century CE as a more liberal, accessible interpretation of Buddhism. As the "Greater Vehicle" (literally, the "Greater Ox-Cart"), Mahayana is a path available to people from all walks of life - not just monks and ascetics.

7. Mahayana Buddhism is the primary form of Buddhism in North Asia and the Far East, including China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Mongolia, and is thus sometimes known as Northern Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhists accept the Pali Canon as sacred scripture with the Theravadans, but also many other works, the Sutras, which were written later and in Sanskrit

8. The Mahayana form of Buddhism tends to be more religious in nature than its Theravadan counterpart. It often includes veneration of celestial beings, Buddhas and boddhisatvas, ceremonies, religious rituals, magical rites, and the use of icons, images, and other sacred objects.

9. Mahayana Buddhists hope to become not arhats but boddhisatvas, saints who have become enlightened but who unselfishly delay nirvana to help others attain it as well, as the Buddha did.

10. Perhaps more significantly for one who would choose between the paths, Mahayana Buddhists teach that enlightenment can be attained in a single lifetime, and this can be accomplished even by a layperson

11. Buddha Quotes • Read all of the quotes and choose ONE that you find the most interesting/compelling/relevant, and complete one of the following: • 1. An illustration depicting the quote. • 2. A one paragraph response as to why you chose the quote and its relevance. • Due on Tuesday

12. Who is the fat Buddha and why is he smiling?

14. His name is Hotei or some people refer to him as “the Laughing Buddha” because he is always portrayed as smiling or laughing. His image began in Japan and it is said Hotei was an actual man named Budaishi who was believed to be an incarnation of Maitreya. Hotei is the God of Contentment and Happiness. He is dressed in traditional Buddhist monk robes and carries with him a large cloth sack that is never empty.

15. He pulls things from his cloth sack to feed needy children and their families. In modern times, he is often seen as a protector of people who run restaurants and bars so this is why when you go into a Chinese restaurant in America there may be a statue of Hotei somewhere near the cash register. It is also believed by many people that if you rub the belly of a Hotei statue, you will be granted the wish of good luck and good fortune.

16. Why is Hotei Smiling? • Why is this man so round and always happy? He doesn’t let anything bother him. He is forgiving; he gives without expectation of anything but a thank you. He is sometimes portrayed as being surrounded by laughing, playing children. Have you ever gone to a playground and just watched the kids who act like they don’t have a care in the world? You may end up like Hotei: smiling, laughing filled with the happiness that the children are feeling.