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Understanding Chordates: The Fascinating World of Fishes and Their Unique Characteristics

Discover the intriguing characteristics of chordates, focusing on the diverse class of fishes. Learn the four defining traits of chordates, including the vertebral column that encases the spinal cord and how these features protect the brain. Explore the three major groups of fishes: jawless, cartilaginous, and bony, with details on their unique adaptations and classifications. From the ancient hagfishes to the powerful sharks and bony fishes, delve into their anatomical structures, habitats, and behaviors in this informative overview.

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Understanding Chordates: The Fascinating World of Fishes and Their Unique Characteristics

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  1. Invertebrates Octopus Video

  2. Phylum Chordata C. Vertebrata • Share four chordate characteristics + vertebral column (spine, backbone) • Spine encloses and protects nerve cord (spinal cord) • Anterior end of spinal cord = brain protected by skull made of bone or cartilage 1. Fishes • Oldest group of vertebrates (530 mya) • 27,000+ species (15,600+ marine spp.) • Three major groups

  3. Fishes

  4. Fishes • Class Agnatha – Jawless fish • No jaws • Unpaired fins and no scales • Hagfishes

  5. Fishes • Class Agnatha – Jawless fish • Hagfishes

  6. Fishes • Class Agnatha – Jawless fish • Lampreys

  7. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Includes sharks, rays, skates and ratfish • Cartilage skeleton • Movable jaws • Paired and Unpaired fins • Placoid scales

  8. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks • Fusiform body • Heterocal caudal fin • Characteristic dorsal fin • Gill slits • Powerful jaws

  9. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks • Wide size range

  10. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks • Very good sensory organs

  11. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks • Reproduction – live young or eggs

  12. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Sharks • Commercially hunted

  13. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Rays and Skates • Dorsally flattened bodies • Demersal • Ventral gills • Modified pectoral fins • Stingrays

  14. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Rays and Skates • Dorsally flattened bodies • Demersal • Ventral gills • Modified pectoral fins • Stingrays

  15. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Rays and Skates • Electric Rays

  16. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Rays and Skates • Manta Rays

  17. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Rays and Skates • Skates

  18. Fishes • Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Ratfishes

  19. Fishes • Class Osteichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Skeleton of bone • Make up 96% of all fish • Cycloid and ctenoid scales • Operculum • Homoceral fin

  20. Fishes • Class Osteichthyes – Cartilaginous Fishes • Fin rays • Terminal mouth • Swim bladder

  21. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Strongly related to lifestyle

  22. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Fusiform Video

  23. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Laterally Compressed Video

  24. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Flattened

  25. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Eel-like Video

  26. Fishes - Biology • Body Shapes • Unusual, Irregular Video

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