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Understanding the Integumentary System: Structure and Functions

The integumentary system, derived from the Latin word "integument," meaning "to cover," encompasses the skin and its accessory organs, such as hair and nails. Its primary functions include protection, regulation of body temperature, excretion, information gathering, and vitamin D production. The skin consists of the outermost epidermis, which undergoes rapid cell division and contains melanocytes for melanin production, and the underlying dermis, rich in blood vessels, nerve endings, and various glands. Hair follicles and nail matrices contribute to hair and nail growth, respectively, with keratin providing structural integrity.

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Understanding the Integumentary System: Structure and Functions

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  1. The Integumentary System • integument– Latin word meaning “to cover” • Composed of: • Skin • Accessory Organs – hair & nails • Functions • Protection • Body temp regulation • Excretion • Information Gathering • Vitamin D Production

  2. SKIN Epidermis Hypodermis • Outermost layer • Rapid cell division occurs • Contain melanocytes: produce melanin • Shed/Wash away every 14-28 days • Waterproof covering • beneath the dermis, layer of fat: insulation • Underneath Epidermis • Contain: • Blood vessels, Nerve endings, Glands, Sense Organs, Smooth Muscle, Hair Follicles • Help regulate body temperature Dermis

  3. Hair and Nail Hair Follicles Nail Matrix • Epidermal cells that extend into dermis • Rapid cell growth at base of hair follicle: hair growth • Hair – columns of cells that have filled with keratin and then died. • Sebaceous Gland – maintain condition of hair (soft and flexible). • Located tips of fingers and toes • Nail growth: 0.5 to 1.2 mm per day Keratin: tough fibrous protein in which hair, nails, and calluses are composed of

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