Chapter 4 Objectives The War for Independence

1. Chapter 4 ObjectivesThe War for Independence • Identify & Analyze the causes of the American Revolution • Understand important events & dates • Identify key individuals & their roles THE POWER OF IDEAS

2. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • HOMEWORK For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance. • Stamp Act • Samuel Adams • Townshend Act • Boston Massacre • Committees of Correspondence • Boston Tea Party • King George III • Intolerable Acts • Martial Law • Minutemen

3. Chapter 4 Key DatesThe War for Independence 1765 Parliament Passes Stamp Act 1767 Parliament Passes Townsend Acts 1770 Boston Massacre 1773 Boston Tea Party 1774 Parliament Passes Intolerable Acts 1774 First Continental Congress 1776 Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense 1776 American Colonies Declare Independence 1777 Colonial Army wins at Saratoga- turning point 1781 British Surrender at Yorktown 1783 Colonies & Britain sign Treaty of Paris ending war

4. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonies Organize to Resist • Britain incurs heavy debt while conducting the French & Indian War and European entanglements • British also have a standing army of 10,000 troops stationed in the Colonies to protect colonists against potential future attacks by Native Americans or former French colonials

5. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonies Organize to Resist • Stamp Act March 1763 colonists required to • Purchase special stamped paper for all legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs • Pay “stamp duties” on cards/dice • Violators were to be tried in British court with high likelihood of conviction

6. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonies Organize to Resist • Stamp Act Protests • Sons of Liberty form in Boston, 1765 • Samuel Adams – “Brewer & Patriot”, Political Activist • They harassed those who attempted to enforce the Act • Colonial Assemblies convene to address Act • Virginia Patrick Henry – resolution stating only Virginia Assembly had taxing authority over Virginia colonists • Other Assemblies follow suit

7. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonies Organize to Resist • Stamp Act Congress • Representatives from nine colonies gather in New York to issue the Declaration of Rights & Grievances. • Stated that Parliament could not tax colonists because the colonists had no one to represent their needs in Parliament • Merchant Resistance • Agreed not to import British goods until Stamp Act was repealed • Outcome is Parliament repeals the Stamp Act but issues Declaratory Act that it, Parliament, has the right to make laws for the colonies – representation notwithstanding

8. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonies Organize to Resist • Townshend Act, 1767 Another attempt at getting revenue from colonies • Indirect tax – import duties on goods that came in from Britain • Three-penny Tea Tax • “Taxation without Representation” • Boycotts of British goods – clothing, tea • British seize John Hancock’s ship triggering riots • British station 2,000 troops in Boston

9. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • Off-duty soldiers compete with local labor for jobs at shipyard • Fistfight breaks out, March 5, 1770 – over jobs • That evening a mob gathers to taunt soldiers • Things get out of hand and British soldiers fire into crowd • Crispus Attucks and 4 others killed • Sam Adams & others declare it The Boston Massacre • John Adams defends the soldiers – what was outcome?

10. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • Violence on the part of the colonists leads to Britain to find provocateurs and ship them to England for trial • The colonies respond by creating committees of correspondence as a communications network to keep the leaders informed about threat to colonists’ liberty

11. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Tension Mounts in Massachusetts • Colonists’ Tea Boycott working so well that 17 million pounds of tea in warehouses • British East India Tea Company going broke • Lord Frederick North has brainstorm to remove sell BEIT’s tea without imposing the Tea Tax figuring the colonist’s would go for the lower price • Dec 16th 1773, protesters board ships docked in Boston Harbor & dump 18,000 lbs. of BEIT’s tea overboard • BECAME KNOWN AS THE BOSTON TEA PARTY

12. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • British Response to Tea Party • Intolerable Acts (named by Colonists) • Shut Down Boston Harbor • Quartering Act – allowed British to forcible house soldiers in colonist homes • British General Gage is named new Governor • Massachusetts is placed under Martial Law (rules enforced by military law)

13. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Colonial Response to Intolerable Acts • September 1774 – First Continental Congress • Met In Philadelphia • Declaration of Colonial Rights • Colonies have right to run themselves • Support for protests going on in Mass. • If British use force colonies will fight back

14. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Lexington & Concord • After 1st Continental Congress, many New England colonists begin accumulating weapons • Minutemen – civilian soldiers • Concord – rumors that large stockpiles of arms there • Lexington – rumors that Hancock & Adams and other colonist leaders were staying there

15. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Lexington & Concord • British General Gage marches his troops to Concord to destroy weapons & capture Hancock, Adams and others • This plan is “leaked” to Dr. Warren who advises Paul Revere & other colonial leaders • April 18th 1775 – Revere, Dawes and others ride to Concord/Lexington to warn of British intent

16. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Lexington & Concord • Sneak Attack is thwarted • April 19th at Lexington British Troops are met by small band of Minutemen • “accidental” shooting starts brief melee in which 8 minutemen killed; one British soldier injured • Battle of Lexington lasted 15 minutes

17. Chapter 4 Section 1The Stirrings of Rebellion • Lexington & Concord • British troops march on to Concord • By this time, 3 or 4 thousand minutemen had arrived • Using guerilla tactics they pick off marching troops • British Troops humbly return to Boston